volume on the earlier Latin poets, including the Augustans, which was announced several years ago, will, it is hoped, appear during 1909.

THE Council of Bedford College for Women have purchased, for £15,000, from the Crown the remainder of the lease of South Villa, Regent's Park, as a site for their new buildings. They appeal to the public for £75,000, the sum calculated to be necessary to meet the expenses of building and increased annual expenditure involved in the move. This is in addition to the fund already collected, of which £12,000 remains after the purchase of the lease, and to the £10,000 promised by Lady Tate for a library. The site is an ideal one, and the Council can point to the continuous growth and development of the College since its foundation in 1849 as justifying an appeal to the citizens of London to provide for the three hundred students it now numbers a worthy building on a site which, if this opportunity be let slip, is not likely again to offer itself.

THE National Review for December, out of thirty pages assigned to "Episodes of the Month," has less than one page headed "Education," but this is evidently too much space to devote to the dismal subject, and the larger half of the page discusses woman suffrage and Mr. Balfour's next Ministry. The first sentence will suffice our readers : "The Ministerial position is equally absurd and humiliating as regards education. Being wholly incapable of drafting an acceptable Bill, they [sic] have had to crave the aid of the Archbishop.' A little more education in grammar (as the Ordination candidate said of Good Works) would do our contemporary no harm.

THE Allgemeiner Deutscher Sprachverein has taken a practical step towards encouraging the study of the German language by establishing an examination and awarding prizes. Thirty-five boys' schools and eighteen girls' schools were represented by a total of 185 candidates. A travelling scholarship of the value of ten guineas was made to a boy from Manchester Grammar School; six first prizes of two guineas and five second prizes of one guinea were given. The examination will be held again next year, when it is hoped to arrange for an oral test as well as for written work.

IN the First Class of our Translation Prize Competition will be found the familiar initials "G. E. D." We grieve to report the death of the

writer on December 17, and we have since learnt that his verses, which we specially commend, were the last lines that he penned. George Edward Dartnell was a Marlborough boy under Dean Bradley, and to the end a loyal and devoted alumnus. His working days were all spent in the Wilts and Dorset Bank, but he found or made time to pursue his literary studies and to produce a not inconsiderable amount of literary work-poems, original and translated, reviews and contributions to the Wilts Archeological Journal. At the time of his death he was contemplating a collected volume and had asked the editor's leave to include The Dream of Maxim" and some other of his contributions to the Journal. He was familiar with the whole range of French and German poetry, had a keen appreciation of what was best in both, and at the same time the Sprachgefühl that enabled him to reproduce the essential qualities in English. We hope that the volume may yet appear.

THE ASSOCIATION OF TRAINING COLLEGE PRINCIPALS AND TUTORS.-The annual meeting of this Association was held at Caxton Hall, Westminster, on December 18. The Rev. R. Hudson (St. Mark's College, Chelsea), in his Presidential address, said the syllabus under which they now worked was a vast improvement on the narrow and unimaginative syllabus of ten years ago. The new type of student they received from the secondary school was more buoyant and less crammed than the old type, but he had not found him better educated. Principal Burrell contributed a witty paper on "The Problem of Reading." The majority of teachers, he said, encouraged children to imitate them. That was the ne plus ultra of bad teaching. Adult bad readers had as children been taught to read instead of having learnt to read-a very different thing. Principal Spafford (Darlington) called attention to the over-supply of trained teachers. Of the 740 students who left the men's residential colleges in July, 81 were still unengaged; of 1,960 who left the women's residential colleges, 418 were unengaged; and of 1,062 men and women who left the day training colleges, 352 had not secured a post. It was resolved to ask the Board of Education to receive a deputation on the subject. At the close of the conference an illuminated address and cheque were presented to the Hon. Mrs. Colborne, who is retiring from the office of Inspector of Needlework to the Board of Education after twenty-two years' service.

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66

tion of elementary schools. The Archbishop demands, at his price, freedom of prophesying in all schools. Either party is prepared to give and take. Exceptions are freely allowed, and existing interests are to be bought out. All goes smoothly, and the bargain is virtually concluded. It only remains for the deed to be signed and sealed. At the eleventh hour it is discovered that the figures have been left blank, and when Mr. Runciman fills them in the Primate protests he would sooner burn his hand than sign: it would be selling his birthright for a mess of pottage. Seven shillings more is my very lowest figure, and even then you get the child at less than cost price." To which Mr. Runciman replies: "Your present terms are extravagant, and even were I willing, my principal, Mr. Lloyd George, would not have it. You extorted from me an exceptional inch, and would stretch it to an ell. Except in rural districts, contracted-out schools, which are the bugbears, not only of my clients, but of the whole teaching profession, would become the rule." The bargain is off, and we are at a deadlock.

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and even Mr. Balfour, while he poured scorn on the illogicality and lack of foresight, could not deny that Mr. Runciman's was an honest attempt to find the true diagonal to the parallelogram of forces. In making it, the Government strained to the breaking point the allegiance of their left wing, and failed to win the support of the Roman Catholics and Anglicans. It is a case of the Sibylline books, and such terms will never be offered again by the Liberal party. Meanwhile, those who were not concerned in the matter and the least consulted, Mr. Yoxall and the elementary teachers, are singing hymns of victory.

WE have, then, for at least another year, to face the status quo. The Archbishop of Canterbury informs us that within the last three years 550 Church of England schools with accommodation for 160,000 children have been closed, and 1,050 new County Council schools with accommodation for 478,000 children have been opened. There can be little doubt that provided schools will continue to increase and non-provided schools to decrease at the same rate. So far as this indicates the lukewarmness of Churchmen, this is doubtless regrettable; and, if we thought that it implied likewise a neglect of religious training, we should sorrow no less than the Archbishop. But we do not for a moment believe it. So long as our teachers are religious they will teach religiously, no matter what authority they serve or what catechism they use or are debarred from using.

*

AND in this connexion we cannot help once more recalling the proverb, "Who pays the piper calls the tune." Just fifty years ago Archbishop Temple, then an Inspector of Schools, warned his fellow-Churchmen that, unless they contributed at least half the cost of the schools, they could not with justice demand a State subsidy. Now when Mr. Runciman asks denominationalists to bear one-fifth of the cost, he is told that the burden would be intolerable, that it is an impossible condition. The stock answer, of course, is: "We already contribute our quota of the four-fifths." This is not the place to argue it out, and we will only ask as a rejoinder: Was not this equally the case in the fifties? The radical mistake that Churchmen make, so it seems to us, is to regard the Local Authority as the enemy in the gate. If Local Authorities are opposed to Church teaching, it follows that the Church of England is no longer the National Church, and the sooner it is disestablished the better.

THE Head Masters' Conference is the praerogativa tribùs, and partly for that reason we have reported its proceedings at greater length than its numbers and weight may seem to justify. This time, however, it deliberated four questions of pressing importance to secondary schools, and on each of them we have much to say, but must here restrict ourselves to a few passing notes. One preliminary question, not asked for the first time: Why do head masters continue to sit in two houses? A parallel would be if every Peer was entitled to sit in the House of Commons.

DR. Gow's motion on the proposed Teachers' Registration Council, slightly modified in the wording, was carried unanimously. Such unanimity in a Head Masters' Conference is almost unprecedented. It is virtually, as the Morning Post pronounced it, a vote of censure on the Board of Education, and Mr. Runciman will have to face it. He can no longer shelter himself behind Sir R. Morant's special pleading. We would call special attention to Dr. Gow's concluding statement that "the account given by Sir R. Morant in the White Paper of the preliminary negotiations that resulted in Clause 16 is a mere travesty of what actually took place." We shall hear more of this when the House meets. The letter addressed to Sir R. Morant by the Teachers' Guild (published in the Times of December 23) abounds in the same sense.

THE question of compulsory inspection by the Board of Education was shelved as inopportune. Dr. Hillard is fighting the Board, and the head masters, who were equally divided on the abstract question, declined pendente lite to express an opinion. The wiser heads, however, agreed with Dr. Gray that universal inspection was bound to come, and that it mattered little which of the two "eminent counsel" were right about the power of the Board to inspect St. Paul's School. If the Board had no such power, a single-clause Act would shortly give it them. More important was the opinion of the head masters who had been inspected by the Board as to the methods of the Board and the competence of their staff. There were groans over the forms that had to be filled in and the interruption to regular work, but only faint

echoes of Edward Thring's trumpet-blast-the sacrosanctity of the master builder and the impertinence of the whippersnapper prentice. One head master had the audacity to confess that he himself had learned something from the Government Inspector. At the same time, there is much force in Dr. Hillard's complaint that the Board do not offer their secondary Inspectors enough to secure, as they ought, the ablest of public-school masters. Joint Board Inspectors are without question abler men, but they are amateurs and must make way for the professional. One of these amateurs, after inspecting a great school, reported to a friend: "The inspection was a farce; the boys knew nothing of my subject [not classics], but it was well worth going to taste the head master's '84 port."

THE Greek question is the King Charles's head of the Conference, and, as Mr. Gilson bluntly told them, by their resolutions which lead to nothing but Committees they write themselves down a school debating society. Before, it was Oxford and Cambridge who require Greek, and therefore we must teach Greek. Now it is the preparatory masters who (some of them) think Greek the best food for babes: therefore we must, a second time, confer with the preparatory masters. 'And so we rot and rot."

CLOSELY connected with the Greek question was the question of entrance scholarships. The reform in this case seems likely to begin with the Universities. Most of the Cambridge colleges, we believe, have agreed to a scheme for general scholarships of small value to be supplemented by additional grants to scholars whose parents declare their inability to send their sons to college without such assistance. But, though Dr. Field's resolution was carried, we see no signs of Eton or Winchester moving in the matter. Peers, bankers, heads of Government departments, authors who must be making £5,000 a year (we speak within our personal knowledge) will continue to pick up these crumbs that fall from the poor man's table; and, worse than that, as Dr. Field remarked, poor schools starve their assistant masters in order to bid against the rich schools for clever boys. Dr. Rouse has calculated that forty schools spend between them over £100,000 a year on entrance scholarships. Here is a question for the new year which will never be solved ab intra.

LASTLY comes the question of curriculum, and on this we do not look for guidance from the Head Masters. It is something that they should approve in theory (with provisos) the scheme of the British Association; yet only nineteen head masters were found to "regret the apparently increasing neglect of German in secondary schools." English is still a perfunctory study allowed one or two hours a week; the lowest forms learn simultaneously three foreign languages; and the highest forms specialize in classics, mathematics, or sometimes science, and not one boy in three when he leaves an English public school could pass the equivalent of the Abiturienten-examen.

I1

GIRLS' SCHOOLS IN SWITZERLAND.
BY ADA F. Cossey, M.A.

T is difficult to generalize about the schools of Switzerland, as each canton has its own complete educational system and the differences between the cantons are very great. This must necessarily be so, for, until comparatively recently, there was no bond of union between the cantons except for the one purpose of military defence. However, one feels that edu cation is everywhere a living reality to the people and that no efforts are spared to give to the children a systematic and thorough course of training by means of a carefully graded and comprehensive educational scheme.

The modern Swiss school building, whether primary or secondary, compares favourably with the most up-to-date English schools.