and other appropriate divisions of the Department of State, by similar divisions of other departments and agencies of the Government, and by such non-governmental agencies as the Council on Foreign Relations and any others that might be willing to cooperate with the Government in this respect. All such activities would be under the direction of the subcommittees in their respective fields, operating under the authority of the Advisory Committee. Recommendations to the President would be submitted solely through and in the name of the Chairman of the Advisory Committee, i. e., the Secretary of State. 8. In this manner, it would be possible to mobilize for the end in view and to the greatest advantage the entire resources of the Government and the best brains outside the Government. The work would proceed expeditiously, with a minimum of overlapping as among the various agencies of the Government, with responsibility clearly and properly allocated, and with possible differences of opinion among the participants reduced to their essentials by the time the results reach the President. APPENDIX 10 May 10, 1943 [Memorandum (Notter) to the Secretary (Hull)] S: Mr. Secretary The schedule of the subcommittees on post-war problems meeting this week is as follows: Thursday, May 13, 2:30 p. m. Friday, May 14, 3:00 p. m. Friday, May 14, 5:00 p. m. Saturday, May 15, 10:30 a. m. Joint meeting of the Special Subcommittee on Inter- Subjects: Revised draft of General United Nations Special Subcommittee on Legal Problems. Subcommittee on Territorial Problems. Subjects: Palestine; Syria and the Lebanon. Subcommittee on Political Problems. Subject: Underlying questions concerning future international juridical organization. Place: Your Office. The Committee on Post-War Economic Policy will not meet until June 4. APPENDIX 11 May 8, 19438 Agenda for the Meeting of May 8, 1943 1. Opening Statement. 2. Discussion of the questions raised with respect to Political Action. 3. Reading of the questions on Juridical Procedures to be discussed at the next meeting, for the purpose of helping the members of the Committee to give some thought to these problems in the meantime. [Attachments] May 8, 1943 OPENING STATEMENT The discussion last Saturday dealt with the question What is involved in safeguarding our security by preventing another war? The discussion proceeded on the assumption that the answer to this question involves four principal types of action, as follows: 1. Political action to prevent differences between nations from arising or from reaching the state of conflict. 2. Juridical procedures to deal with such differences as cannot be adjusted by political action. 3. Enforcement procedures. 4. Concerted action, especially in the field of economic development and progress. The consensus of opinion last Saturday pointed to the need of creating international machinery to provide an effective vehicle for these various types of action. Before serious consideration can be given by this Committee to the precise forms of such international machinery, it is necessary to explore the extent to which, in the judgment of the members of the Committee, the United States should be prepared to participate in each of the types of action indicated. Such exploration must, of course, itself be tentative. It should be intended to provide a foundation upon which to base realistically proposals for the forms of international machinery. We propose to devote the next three or four meetings to such an exploration. At the meeting today, we shall take up certain questions relating to political action for the prevention of wars. At the meeting next week, we shall examine certain questions relating to juridical procedures; and at the following meeting, questions relating to enforcement procedures. After that, we shall take up for more detailed examination questions relating to concerted action in the field of economic development and progress. Memoranda (Pasvolsky and Staff) to the Chairman of the Subcommittee on Political Problems (Secretary Hull). For discussion on May 8, 1943 I. POLITICAL ACTION With regard to political action for the prevention of wars, it is necessary to examine the following propositions and questions: 1. Political action for the prevention of wars requires that an international body or bodies be established to which any participating nation can bring for consideration any difference threatening the peace that may arise between it and another nation when direct negotiations have failed. Such a body should possess the right to require that differences between nations, not referred to it by either of the parties, be brought before it for consideration, whenever in its judgment such differences threaten international peace. Would the United States be willing, as a member of such a body, to appear before it when the United States is a party to a controversy-on condition, of course, that all other member nations accept a similar obligation? 2. Should the procedure operate on a regional or universal basis, or on a combination of the two? If the latter be the case, should, for example, a difference between two European countries be brought before a European body, but a difference between a European and an American country be brought before a universal body? In the case of regional procedure, should the United States participate in any non-American regional body? At this stage, the problem of political action should be considered apart from the problem of the use of concerted measures to compel non-recourse to war as a means of settling international disputes. This latter problem will be examined at a later stage of the discussion. For Discussion on May 15, 1943 II. JURIDICAL PROCEDURES With regard to juridical procedures for the prevention of wars, it is necessary to examine the following propositions and questions: 1. International action for the prevention of wars requires the establishment of an international court or courts to which disputes which threaten the peace between nations and which have not otherwise been settled must be referred for adjudication and final decision. To what extent should the United States be willing to accept for itself the obligations growing out of its participation in such juridical machinery? 2. Should the juridical procedure operate on a regional or universal basis, or on a combination of the two? If the latter be the case, what should be the respective jurisdictions of regional and world courts, and what should be the geographic basis of United States participation? At this stage, the problem should be considered apart from the problem of enforcement of court decisions, which will be taken up at the next stage of discussion. For Discussion on May 22, 1943 III. ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES The problem of enforcement procedures requires the examination of the following questions: 1. Should the United States participate-and to what extent-in joint international action, including the use of force if necessary, designed (1) to prevent or repress violation of stated international obligations; (2) to prevent or repress other national acts that may threaten international peace; (3) to enforce decisions of international courts? 2. Should the procedures involved operate on a regional or universal basis, or on a combination of the two? If the latter be the case, what should be the relative scope of regional and universal enforcement procedures, and what should be the geographic basis of United States participation? 3. Should the United States participate in a general agreement for the limitation of armaments, and should it be willing to accept an obligation to set both maximum and minimum limits of its armed forces? APPENDIX 12 March 17, 1943 Memorandum For The President Herewith is attached amended draft relating to dependent peoples, dated March 9, 1943. [Attachment] C[ORDELL] H[ULL] March 9, 1943 DECLARATION BY THE UNITED NATIONS ON NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE In the Declaration signed on January 1, 1942, the United Nations pledged themselves to a complete victory in this war for the preservation of liberty, independence, human rights and justice. They also proclaimed their resolve to attain, for themselves and for the human race as a whole, the objectives stated in the Joint Declaration of President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill dated August 14, 1941, known-from the region in which it was formulated-as the Atlantic Charter. That Charter sets forth certain fundamental principles and purposes, applicable to all nations and to all peoples, among which are the following: Respect for the rights of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live; Restoration of sovereign rights and self-government to those who have been forcibly deprived of them; and Establishment of a peace which will afford to all nations the means of dwelling in safety within their own boundaries, and which will afford assurance that all the men in all the lands may live out their lives in freedom from fear and want. By their adoption of the Atlantic Charter as an integral part of the Declaration of January 1, 1942, the 31 United Nations have thus affirmed their determination that the independence of those nations which now possess independence shall be maintained; that the independence of those nations which have been forcibly deprived of independence shall be restored; that opportunity to achieve independence for those peoples who aspire to independence shall be preserved, respected, and made more effective; and that, in general, resolute efforts will be made to create a system of world security which will provide for all nations and all peoples greater assurance of stable peace and greater facilities for material advancement. The carrying out of these pledges imposes important responsibilities upon those peoples who possess or who are seeking to regain independence and upon all peoples who aspire to independent status. The particular pledge that peoples who aspire to independence shall be given an opportunity to acquire independent status is, therefore, in varying degrees, of concern to all of the United Nations and to all nations and peoples which now, or which may hereafter, cooperate in carrying forward and applying the provisions of the Atlantic Charter. The effectuation of that pledge requires that all such nations and peoples collaborate to that end with each other to the fullest practicable extent. Accordingly, the United Nations hereby make the following Declaration: I 1. It is the duty and the purpose of those of the United Nations which have, owing to past events become charged with responsibilities for the future of colonial areas to cooperate fully with the peoples of such areas toward their becoming qualified for independent national status. While some colonial peoples are far advanced along this road, the development and resources of others are not yet such as to enable them to assume and discharge the responsibilities of government without danger to themselves and to others. It is, accordingly, the duty and the purpose of each nation having political ties with colonial peoples: a. To give its colonial peoples protection, encouragement, moral support and material aid and to make continuous efforts toward their political, economic, social, and educational advancement; b. To make available to qualified persons among the colonial peoples to the fullest possible extent positions in the various branches of the local governmental organization; c. To grant progressively to the colonial peoples such measure of selfgovernment as they are capable of maintaining in the light of the various stages of their development toward independence; d. To fix, at the earliest practicable moments, dates upon which the colonial peoples shall be accorded the status of full independence within a system of general security; and e. To pursue policies under which the natural resources of colonial territories shall be developed, organized and marketed in the interest of the peoples concerned and of the world as a whole. 2. It is incumbent upon all peoples that aspire to independence to exert themselves in every feasible way to prepare and equip themselves for independencesocially, economically, and politically-to the end that they may, as soon as possible, be able to create, conduct and maintain, for, by and of themselves, efficient structures of stable self-government based on sound principles of social and political morality. In the present moment of world emergency, the capacity and desire of such peoples for the enjoyment of freedom can best be demonstrated by their contribution now toward the defeat of the Axis foes of all freedom and independence. 3. The carrying out of the policies above declared will necessarily call for much and continuous consultation and collaboration between and among the nations which are directly responsible for the future of various colonial areas and other nations which have substantial interests in the regions in which such 84338849-31 |