5) Facilitate appropriate intergovernmental arrangements for the international exchange of technological information, on a nondiscriminatory basis.

c. The Commodity Commission. The Commodity Commission should: 1) Investigate commodity problems, including the problem of an international buffer stocks organization or other arrangements which are proposed as a means of promoting solutions to commodity problems. 2) Make recommendations to the Executive Board on appropriate courses of action, including recommendations for the establishment of Study Groups for particular commodities. Such Study Groups should be established by the Executive Board, upon the recommendations of the Commodity Commission, for the purpose of investigating problems with respect to particular commodities. The Study Groups should be composed of representatives of member governments invited to participate by the Executive Board and one or more representatives designated by the Commodity Commission.

3) Make recommendations to the Executive Board as to whether or not a particular commodity is in world surplus.

4) Make recommendations to the Executive Board as to whether an application made by a member for the convening of an intergovernmental conference should be granted.

5) Designate members of the Commission to participate in an advisory capacity in the formulation of intergovernmental commodity agreements.

6) Make recommendations to the Executive Board regarding the application of commodity agreements under consideration by members.

7) Designate the Chairman and Secretary for any Commodity Council established to administer an intergovernmental commodity agreement. 8) Maintain continuous review of the conduct of the operations of intergovernmental commodity agreements in the light of the terms of the agreements, the commodity principles in Chapter V, and the general welfare; and make recommendations to the Executive Board with regard thereto.

The Conference should create an Industrial and Mineral Unit responsible to the Executive Board. The Industrial and Mineral Unit should promote by technical assistance and other appropriate means the expansion of production and trade with regard to fabricated products and with regard to minerals and other primary commodities in respect of which such promotional activities are not under the jurisdiction of the Food and Agriculture Organization.

Section G. The Secretariat

The Secretariat, which should be divided into three or more offices, should serve all the organs of the Organization and the Commodity Councils established to administer specific commodity arrangements. It should be headed by a Director-General. Under his authority there should be three or more Deputy Directors-General each of whom should be in charge of an office. The DirectorGeneral, and on the advice of the Director-General, the Deputy Directors-General, should be appointed by the Conference upon the nomination of the Executive Board. The Director-General should be the chief administrative officer of the Organization and should be an ex officio member, without vote, of the Executive Board. Three Deputy Directors-General should be ex officio members of the

three Commissions. The Director-General and the Deputy Directors-General should have the authority to initiate proposals for the consideration of any organ of the Organization.

Section H. Relations with Other Organizations

1. Relations with the United Nations Organization. The Organization should be brought into relationship with the United Nations Organization on terms to be determined by agreement between the Executive Board and the appropriate authorities of the United Nations Organization, subject to approval by the Conference.

2. Relations with other specialized international organizations. In order to provide for close cooperation between the Organization and other specialized international organizations with related responsibilities, the Executive Board, subject to the approval of the Conference, should be authorized to enter into agreements with the appropriate authorities of such organizations defining the distribution of responsibilities and methods of cooperation.

3. Administrative arrangements. The Director-General should be authorized, subject to the authority of the Conference or of the Executive Board, to enter into agreements with other international organizations for the maintenance of common services, for common arrangements in regard to recruitment, training, conditions of service, and other related matters, and for interchanges of staff.

APPENDIX 48 June 16, 1944 63

Summary: Displaced Persons-Europe

I. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

More than twenty million displaced persons in continental Europe, exclusive of the areas of the Soviet Union, which have recently been occupied by Germany, confront the military with grave problems affecting post-surrender order, security, control, health of the European population, and reconstruction. Approximately one half of the total displaced persons are displaced within their own countries. There are between seven and nine million United Nations nationals in Germany who will want to return to their countries in western and eastern Europe immediately after the war. Some two and one half million Germans in countries contiguous to Germany will desire to return to Germany at the same time.

The largest single group is that of forced laborers in Germany. Other important categories are Allied prisoners of war, evacuees from bombed areas, refugees from military action, racial, religious, and political refugees, and occupants removed from whole areas by the Germans in pursuit of German colonization schemes. The center of the problem of displaced persons is in Germany. The dispersal of people in Poland is also serious.

Paper from Special Committee on Migration and Resettlement, accepted by Post-War Programs Committee on June 21, 1944. Through common usage, the term "resettlement" had been substituted for "settlement" in the title of this committee.

II. BASIC OBJECTIVES

The Special Committee on Migration and Resettlement has prepared two sets of documents giving background material and policy recommendations with respect to displaced persons in eighteen European countries. It has also prepared documents with respect to registration and communication. These latter are now being revised.

The policy recommendations are developed separately for each country. They are addressed to the United States military authorities and apply only to early phases of direct military government.

The recommendations in the documents have to do with five different categories, namely:

1. Allied prisoners of war.

2. Allied and neutral civilian internees.

3. Allied nationals and neutrals having status of forced laborers.

4. Displaced nationals of the country under discussion.

5. Axis nationals.

Variations in the problems and the administration by categories are indicated in each paper.

The basic program outlined in the recommendations provides for the return of displaced persons to their home countries in an orderly manner at the earliest possible date. It is recognized that there will be great impatience to return, transportation facilities will be inadequate, and many displaced persons will start for home on foot. The return movement must, however, be controlled for reasons of order, to avoid the spread of disease and to insure that home areas will be prepared to receive the displaced persons. While a complete standstill order may be necessary initially because of military necessity, the policy suggested for the treatment of displaced persons lies between the two extremes of a standstill order on the one hand and complete freedom of movement on the other. To halt by rigorous restraints attempts by individuals or groups to return home by their own means is not likely to prove effective. Equally, a policy of complete freedom of movement would result in serious disorder, great disturbance at borders, and danger in the spread of epidemic diseases.

III. PARTICULAR RECOMMENDATIONS

More particularly the programs are concerned with the following main considerations subject to security aims and military necessity:

1) Registration and Identification

It is not anticipated that all displaced persons will need to be registered. Those displaced within their own countries will not require registration. It is assumed that the great majority of the nationals of the western European countries who are in Germany as forced laborers will have identifying documents in their possession sufficient to satisfy the officials of their governments, who will pass upon their acceptability for return. It is expected that groups of displaced persons who have to be held in camps for varying periods of time pending repatriation will need to be registered. Axis nationals who do not succeed in returning to Germany from United Nations countries in advance of the retreating German armies will probably need to be registered. Allied prisoners of war who have lost their prisoner-of-war status by action of the Germans will need to be identified. The Committee has recommended careful preparation of plans for registration in advance and has included a draft registration form suitable for persons to be held in camps in its recommendations.

2) Notification to foreign governments of the presence of their nationals in the territories covered

The recommendations provide that Allied and neutral governments are to be notified of the presence of their nationals in a given country other than their own, in a manner and at a time to be determined by the military authorities.

3) Examination of political prisoners for the purpose of identification and the determination of the cause of detention

The Committee recognizes that the type of offense, or the alleged offense, for which the individuals are confined may vary from the holding of particular views to the commission of high crimes. The need for distinguishing the different situations before release of all or some is presumed to call for investigation.

4) Health and medical supervision including epidemic control

The importance of preliminary plans and prompt action to isolate those with contagious diseases, to provide for treatment and care and to take other precautions against the spread of diseases has been recognized.

5) Surveys of areas from which displaced persons have been removed, to determine the advisability and the time of return of the displaced groups

In certain areas bomb damage, military operations, health conditions, or lack of economic capacity to absorb returning nationals may delay repatriation and require inquiry on the spot to determine the feasibility of returning residents to the area.

6) Temporary shelter and feeding, including feeding on the road

The importance of adequate provision for displaced persons both in their places of temporary residence and on the homeward journey is recognized. The Committee did not make any specific recommendations as to the administration or financing of feeding and care.

7) Direction and supervision of homeward movements

The programs indicate the desirability of control and direction of homeward movements.

8) Provision of transport facilities if and when practicable

In providing facilities for repatriation the pressures for transport of military and other supplies will make it difficult to meet the demands for repatriation. While some can return without depending on the use of railways or trucks others will have to wait until facilities can be made available. A system of priorities may be needed.

9) Identification and registration of all Axis nationals and their detention when necessary

This recommendation has application particularly in territories of the United Nations, liberated from the Germans, in which Axis nationals may remain. It is assumed that comprehensive measures in the interest of security and military necessity will be applied to enemy nationals.

10) Employment

Persons not subject to immediate repatriation and physically able to work should be given the opportunity to engage in suitable employment.

IV. ADMINISTRATION

1. The Committee assumes that on the request of the theater commander appropriate agencies will assist with personnel in the carrying out of the above recommendations.

a) The Department of State will assist with such appropriate personnel as are available on the request from the military authorities.

b) UNRRA will presumably assist in those territories where it has been invited to function by the government or authorities in control.

The Committee does not undertake to prescribe the extent or the manner of such assistance since the nature of the request for aid will be determined by the military, and ability to meet these requirements will depend on circumstances not now evident.

V. COMMUNICATION AND REGISTRATION

1. The Committee has recommended the preparation of forms and the outlining of a system of registration to be applicable where and when needed.

a) The Committee recommends registration of groups whose identification is doubtful, whose early repatriation is unlikely, and in other special circumstances.

The earlier report of the Committee covering these matters is being revised in the light of experience to date in areas occupied by the Allies.

APPENDIX 49 May 30, 1944

Tentative [United States] Draft for a United Nations Organization for Educational and Cultural Reconstruction

1. PREAMBLE

The cold blooded and considered destruction by the fascist governments of the cultural resources of great parts of the continents of Europe and Asia; the murder of teachers, artists, scientists and intellectual leaders; the burning of books; the pillaging and mutilation of works of art; the rifling of archives and the theft of scientific apparatus, have created conditions dangerous to civilization, and therefore to peace, not only in the countries and continents ravaged by the fascist powers, but throughout the entire world. To deprive any part of the inter-dependent modern world of the cultural resources, human and material, through which its children are trained and its people informed, is to destroy to that extent the common knowledge and the mutual understanding upon which the peace of the world and its security must rest.

To restore, insofar as they can be restored, the cultural resources destroyed by the fascist governments, is the simple duty of the freedom loving nations of the world, in their own interest and in the interest of the world's peace. Cooperative activity in education and in the furtherance of cultural interchange among the peoples of the world will promote the freedom, the dignity, and the well-being of all, and therefore assist in the attainment of security and peace. The governments and authorities of the United Nations and of the nations associated with them in the war, therefore, join in an Organization for Educational and Cultural Reconstruction to repair, insofar as is possible, the injury done to the common cultural inheritance of the world by the fascist powers,