FUNERALS.

Q. What were the two modes of the Romans in disposing of their dead?

A. To bury, humare, or to burn them, cremare. Q. What was the first custom on the death of a friend?

A. To call on his name, conclamare, hence, all is over, "conclamatum est."

Q. What is the expression for preparing the dead for interment?

A. "Componere."

Q. How were the dead carried forth for burial?

A. On a bier, feretrum; a couch or open coffin, lectus and sandăpila.

Q. What was the funeral pile?

A. Rogus or Pyra.

Q. The offerings to the Manes?
A. Inferiæ.

TIME.

Q. What was the Lustrum?
A. A space of five years.

Q. What was the Roman day?

A. Twelve hours, from six to six; the first hour being from six to seven; the second, from seven to eight; the third, from eight to nine, and so on.

Q. How was the Roman night divided?

A. Into four watches, called Vigilia, of three hours each; the first watch, from six in the evening to nine; the second, from nine to twelve, and so on, till six in the morning.

Q. How did the Romans keep their time?

A. First, by the Sun-dial in the Forum, called Horologium Sciathericum; afterwards by the water-clock, called 'Clepsydra.

Q. How did the Romans divide their month?
A. By Kalends, Nones, and Ides: the Kalends being

on the first day; the Nones, commonly on the

fifth; the Ides, on the thirteenth of the month. Q. How did they count them?

A. By numbering the day, not after, but before

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each of these three divisions: first, the Kalends of the month; the second day of the month was

· σκιά, umbra; and θηράω, sequor.

Tw, fallo; and dwp, aqua.

called the fourth before the Nones; the third day of the month, the third before the Nones; the fourth, the day before the Nones, or Pridie Nonas; the fifth, None; the sixth, the eighth day before the Ides, and so on, decreasing till you reach the twelfth, or Pridie Idus; the thirteenth, Idus; the fourteenth, in like manner, called the eighteenth before the Kalends of the next month; the fifteenth, the seventeenth before the Kalends, and so on until the thirtieth or thirty-first, Pridie Kalendas; for instance,

These four months, March, May, July, and October, have their Nones on the

7th, and the Ides on the 15th.

H

Q. What was the Bissextile year?

A. The Leap year of the Romans, when the sixth before the Kalends of March was twice reckConed,bis sextus.

Q. How are the Holidays distinguished from other days?

A. The Holidays were called Festi, the other days Pro-festi.

Q. What were the lucky days, on which justice might be administered?

A. The Dies Fasti.

Q. The unlucky days?

A. Dies Nefasti :-so Ovid,

"Ille Nefastus erit, per quem tria ' verba silentur,
"Fastus erit, per quem lege licebit agi."

Q. Was there any other distinction of days?
A. The fortunate day was marked in the Calendar
with white, the unfortunate with black:

"Cretâ an carbone notandus."

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Do, Dico, Addico,-the words used by the Prætor in giving sentence.

MEASURES.

Q. What was the Roman Passus?
A. Two ordinary steps, or five feet.

Q. What was the Roman Stadium?

A. A furlong, or the eighth part of a mile.
Q. What was a Roman Mile?

A. A thousand Passus, or five thousand feet, or eight stadia.

ROMAN COINS.

BRASS.

The As, somewhat less than a penny; Quadrans, the farthing.

SILVER

Denarius, marked X, that is, ten asses, about 74d.; Sestertius, or Nummus, marked H. S. the money most in use, value about 2d.

GOLD.

Aureus, value 100 sestertii, somewhat above 16s.