BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF PRINCIPAL PERSONS

REFERRED TO IN THE INTERROGATIONS

[In the following data German titles and offices have been translated into English, wherever possible. Likewise, the English rather than the German spelling of Christian names has been adopted. In the case of military or paramilitary (i.e., SS or SA) personnel, the highest rank attained is given, and no attempt has been made to trace the dates of promotions. It should be noted in this connection that the German system of military ranks differs from the American, and that while both systems have several ranks in common, these ranks are not exact equivalents when considered in their respective hierarchies. For example, a German Lieutenant General is equivalent in rank to an American Major General. For further information on this question, see Table of Commissioned Ranks in the Germany Army, Navy, and SS, with Their Equivalents in the American Military Forces, Vol. II of this series, p. 1099. For explanation of German phrases, as well as abbreviations, see Glossary of Common German and Nazi Titles, Designations, and Terms, with Their Official Abbreviations, Vol. II, p. 1084-1098. For further biographical information, see Biographical Data on Principal Officials of Reich Government, Nazi Party, and Armed Forces, Vol. II, pp. 1055-1077.-Ed.]

ABETZ, Otto-German Ambassador to the French Government headed by Petain at Vichy; Foreign Office representative at headquarters of German Commander-in-Chief in France during occupation. pp. 1217-1220, 1491.

ALVENSLEBEN, Bodo Count von-Member of a famous Prussian aristocratic family; president of the Herrenklub (Berlin), 1932. p. 1452.

AMANN, Max-Hitler's company sergeant during World War I who became business manager of the Nazi Party in 1921; participated in Munich beerhall putsch of 1923 and was imprisoned; when Hitler came to power in 1933, was appointed Reich Press Leader and President of the Reich Press Chamber, which made him virtual dictator of whole German press; as head of Zentral Verlag, Franz Eher Nachf. (central publishing house of the Nazi Party) and subsidiaries, controlled world's largest press and publishing combine; member of the Reichstag. pp. 1521-1532. ANTONESCU, Marshal Ion-Iron Guard Leader who was Nazibacked dictator and Prime Minister of Rumania from 1940 until 1944, when King Michael dismissed him; (not to be confused with Mihai Antonescu, Rumanian lawyer and former delegate to anti-Comintern meeting in Berlin who was Rumanian Deputy Prime Minister, 1942-1944); both Antonescus were executed on 1 June 1946 in Bucharest. p. 1206.

BALDWIN, Stanley (1st Earl of Bewdley, Viscount Corvedale, 1937)-British Conservative Party leader who was Privy Councillor, 1920; President of the Board of Trade, 1921-1922; Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1922-1923; Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury, 1923-1924, 1924-1929 (succeeded by MacDonald), and 1935-1947 (succeeding MacDonald, and succeeded by Chamberlain); Lord President of the Council, 19311935; Lord Privy Seal, 1932-1934. pp. 1175, 1214, 1248, 1249.

BALFOUR, Arthur James (1st Earl of Balfour, 1922)-British
author and Conservative Party leader who was First Lord of
the Treasury and Lord Privy Seal, 1902; Prime Minister (suc-
ceeding Lord Salisbury, his uncle), 1902-1905 (succeeded by
Campbell-Bannerman); First Lord of the Admiralty (succeed-
ing Churchill) in Asquith cabinet, 1915; Secretary of State for
Foreign Affairs in Lloyd-George cabinet, 1916-1919, and in
this capacity, in November 1917, promised on behalf of the
British Government to provide a national home for the Jews in
Palestine after the war ("The Balfour Declaration"); British
Delegate to the Paris Peace Conference, 1919; Lord President
of the Council, 1919-1922; British Delegate to Washington Con-
ference 1921-1922; died in 1930. p. 1425, 1426.
BARTHOU, (Jean) Louis-Premier of France and Minister of
Public Instruction, 1913; Minister Without Portfolio in Pain-
levé's World War I cabinet; Minister of War in Briand's cabi-
net, 1921; Senator, 1922; Vice Premier and Minister of Justice
in Poincaré's cabinet, 1926; as Foreign Minister, 1932, foresaw
Nazi menace and initiated Franco-Soviet Pact; assassinated
with King Alexander I of Yugoslavia at Marseilles, 9 October
1934. p. 1175.
BECK, Col. Jozef-served in Pilsudski's Polish Legion in World
War I and was Chief of Staff to Marshal Pilsudski; Military
Attache at Polish Embassy in Paris, 1922-1923; Foreign Min-
ister of Poland, 1932-1939; and in pursuing generally anti-
French policy negotiated and signed Non-Aggression Pact with
Germany, 1934; after invasion of Poland fled to Rumania and
lived in retirement until his death in June 1944. p. 1104.
BECK, Col. Gen. Ludwig-Chief of the German General Staff.
1935-1938, who resigned because of disagreement with Hitler's
agressive policies during the Sudeten crisis in the summer of
1938; chief military leader of the anti-Nazi underground, who
was to become Chief of State of Germany if 20 July 1944 plot
against Hitler succeeded; after failure of plot was forced by
Fromm to commit suicide on night of 20 July 1944. pp. 1090,
1270, 1548-1551, 1554, 1555, 1559, 1560, 1568, 1570.
BELOW, Col. Nikolaus von-Air Force aide-de-camp to Hitler
who remained at the Fuehrer's Headquarters in the air-raid
bunker in Berlin during Hitler's last days, April 1945. p. 1280.
BENES, Eduard-Czechoslovakian Minister for Foreign Affairs,
1918-1935; Premier, 1921-1922; President 1935-1938; Presi-
dent of Czech Government-in-Exile in London, 1939-1945;
returned to Czechoslovakia and resumed office as President
after liberation in May 1945. p. 1501.

BERGER, Gottlieb-SS Obergruppenfuehrer and General of the
Waffen SS; Chief of the Central Office of the SS; Head of the
SS Prisoner of War Administration and Inspector General of
Prisoners of War; Head of Policy Division of Reich Ministry
for the Occupied Eastern Territories. pp. 1320, 1321, 1533.
1534.
BERNADOTTE AF WISBORG, Folke Count-nephew of King
Gustav V of Sweden; member of Committee for International

Relief Work, 1944; as Vice President of Swedish Red Cross visited Germany to negotiate release of Danish and Norwegian prisoners in early spring of 1945; acted thereafter as intermediary in abortive attempts of Himmler and Schellenberg to make peace with the Western Allies, and transmitted Himmler's offer to Eisenhower. pp. 1596, 1632. BETHOUART, Gen. Emile-Marie-Commander of French forces during Norwegian campaign, April-June 1940; as commander of division stationed near Casablanca cooperated with AngloAmerican forces during landing in North Africa, November 1942, and was arrested for refusal to obey orders of Vichy Government to resist; Gen. Giraud's liaison officer with Allied Commanders in Chief following North African landing; head of Casablanca Military Mission, 1943; Chief of Staff for National Defense in Algiers Government, 1944; Commander of 1st Army Corps, 1st French Army, September 1944; Commanderin-Chief of French Occupation Zone in Austria, July 1945. p. 1545. BIDDLE, Col. Anthony J. Drexel-United States Minister to Norway, 1935-1937; Ambassador to Poland, 1937-1939; accompanied Polish Government in move from Warsaw to other temporary capitals after invasion, 1939; American Deputy Ambassador to France at fall of France and followed French Government to Tours and later Bordeau capitals, 1940; Ambassador to Government-in-Exile of Poland, Belgium, Norway, the Netherlands, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia, 1943-1944; retired from diplomatic service, January 1944, and entered U. S. Army on Eisenhower's staff at SHAEF. p. 1195. BISMARK-SCHOENHAUSEN, Prince Otto Eduard Leopold von-Minister President of Prussia, 1862-1871; created unity of German states proclaimed as new German Empire under William I, at Versailles, 1870, after defeat of France in FrancoPrussian War; Chancellor of Imperial Germany (the "Iron Chancellor"), 1871, and served until his dismissal after accession of William I in 1890; died in 1898. p. 1189.

BLASKOWITZ, Col. Gen. Johannes-Commander of German invasion armies in Austria and the Sudetenland, 1938; Commander-in-Chief of the German Army in Poland, 1939, and resigned in protest at SS interference; Commander of the First Army in France with Headquarters at Bordeaux, 1942. p. 1574. BLOMBERG, Field Marshal Werner von-Hitler's Minister of War from 1933 until 4 February 1938, when he was dismissed after a Nazi-engineered frameup and Hitler assumed Supreme Command of the Armed Forces. pp. 1087, 1089, 1100-1102, 1111-1113, 1152, 1458-1460, 1466, 1499.

BOEHM, Admiral Hermann-Commander of German "non-intervention" fleet in Spain, 1936; admiral in command in Norway, 1940-1943. p. 1545.

BOEHME, Maj. Gen. Hermann-Chief of Staff, German Armistice Commission in France 1940-1943. pp. 1576, 1577.

BOEPPLE, Ernst-Under Secretary in the General Government of Poland; formerly deputy head of Bavarian Ministry of Education. p. 1375.

BOHLE, Ernst Wilhelm-Under Secretary in the German Foreign Office; head of the Foreign Organization of the Party; SS Obergruppenfuehrer. p. 1168.

BOHR, Niels-Professor of Theoretical Physics at University of Copenhagen since 1916; Director of Institute of Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen since 1920; winner of Nobel Prize in Physics, 1922; on of pioneers in research on atomic fission. pp. 1624, 1629.

BORIS III-King of Bulgaria during period when Bulgaria was adherent to the Tripartite (Axis Pact) and an ally of Germany; died in 1943 after reigning since 1918. p. 1640.

BORMANN, Martin-Head of the Party Chancery and Secretary of the Fuehrer (succeeding Hess in 1941); Reichsleiter and Reichsminister; member of the Ministerial Council for the Defense of the Reich; member of the Reichstag; SS Obergruppenfuehrer; appointed Party Chancellor in Hitler's political testament, 29 April 1945; missing and rumored killed in attempt to escape from Berlin, 2 May 1945. pp. 1120, 1135, 1145, 1203, 1222, 1275, 1276, 1297, 1298, 1334, 1336, 1337, 1358, 1381, 1515, 1633, 1645.

BRACHT, Heinrich-Mayor of Essen and Center Party leader who succeeded the Social Democrat, Carl Severing, as Prussian Minister of the Interior during the crisis of 20 July 1932. p. 1462. BRANDT, Heinz-Press Leader for the Gau Oberschlesien; SS Obersturmfuehrer; (not to be confused with Prof. Dr. Karl Brandt, SS Obergruppenfuehrer and Reich Commissioner for Health and Medical Services). pp. 1125, 1127, 1129. BRAUCHITSCH, Field Marshal Walter von-Commander-inChief of the German Army (OKH) from February 1938, when he succeeded von Fritsch, to December 1941, when after the defeat before Moscow he was dismissed by Hitler, who himself assumed personal command of army operations. pp. 1543, 1549, 1550, 1552, 1553, 1562-1567, 1569-1572, 1574, 1575. BRAUER-Foreign Office Representative in Norway, with rank of Minister, during occupation by Germany. pp. 1542-1544. BRAUN, Eva-Hitler's companion, whom he married in the air raid bunker in Berlin early in the morning of 29 April 1945 and with whom he committed suicide the following afternoon. p. 1294.

BROCKDORFF-RANTZAU, Col. Gen. Erich von-Commander of the Potsdam Division and a participant in the early (1938) plotting against Hitler. pp. 1552, 1553.

BRUECKNER, Wilhelm-SA Obergruppenfuehrer; led the "Munich Regiment" in the 1923 putsch and was imprisoned; in 1930 became Hitler's personal adjutant and was one of Hitler's closest entourage for many years before the war; member of the Reichstag. p. 1399.

BRUENING, Heinrich-Leader of the Catholic Center Party who was Chancellor of Germany, 1930-1932; escaped to the United States during the Roehm crisis of June 1934. pp. 1412, 1449, 1459.

BUEHLER, Josef-Under Secretary and Deputy to the Governor General of Poland (Hans Frank) and head of government in Cracow, 1939; Ministerialdirektor in Ministry of Justice, 1944. pp. 1369, 1375, 1376, 1381.

BUERMANN, Gen.-Representative of the Wehrmacht (OKW) in Poland during the German occupation. pp. 1382, 1400. BULLITT, William C.-United States Ambassador to the Soviet Union, 1933-1936; to France, 1936-1940. pp. 1195, 1492. BURGDORF, Lt. Gen. Wilhelm-Successor to Schmundt as Chief Military Aide-de-Camp to Hitler, and Chief of Personnel Division of Army (OKH), July 1944-1945. pp. 1257-1259, 12611270.

BUSCH, Field Marshal Ernst-Commander of German 16th Army which, after taking part in the Western Campaign, participated in invasion of Russia on northern sector, June 1941. p. 1282. CANARIS, Admiral Wilhelm-Chief of Bureau of Foreign Abwehr (Intelligence Section of OKW) until 1944 when he was dismissed and the Abwehr was absorbed into the RSHA; although Anti-Nazi, had not actually joined the underground movement but secretly frustrated Hitler's orders for conduct of warfare contrary to laws of war; arrested by the Gestapo after failure of 20 July 1944 attempt and executed by strangulation with piano wire at Flossenburg concentration camp in early 1945. pp. 1316, 1317, 1551-1555, 1568, 1573, 1574, 1612, 1613, 1615, 1617.

CARLS, Admiral Rolf-Commander-in-Chief of German Naval Group "East" from 1938 until September 1940, when he became Commander-in-Chief of Naval Command "North"; took decisive part in battle for Baltic Isles, 1940-1941. pp. 1439-1441. CHAMBERLAIN, Rt. Hon. (Arthur) Neville-British Conservative Party leader who was Postmaster General, 1922-1923; Paymaster General, 1923; Minister of Health, 1923, 1924-1929, and 1931; Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1923-1924 and 19311937; Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury, 19371940 (succeeding Baldwin); signed Munich Pact, September 1938; Lord President of the Council, 1940; died 7 November 1940. pp. 1216, 1251-1254, 1483, 1554, 1558, 1562. CHURCHILL, Rt. Hon. Winston Leonard Spencer-British writer and Conservative Party leader who was President of the Board of Trade, 1908-1910; Home Secretary, 1910-1911; First Lord of the Admiralty, 1911-1915; Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 1915; Minister of Munitions, 1917; Secretary of State for War, 1918-1921; for Air, 1918-1921; for Air, 1918– 1921; for the Colonies, 1921-1922; Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1924-1929; First Lord of the Admiralty, 1930-1940; Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury, and Minister of Defence, 1940-1945; was defeated and became leader of the opposition, July 1945. pp. 1250, 1425.

CONTI, Dr. Leonardo-Reich Health Leader; Under Secretary anl Chief of Health Divisions in Ministry of Interior; Chairman of numerous medical organizations; SS Obergruppen