ridian of another place; as from the meridian of London, or Ferro, or Paris.

The longitude of places upon maps is expressed by the figures which run along the top and the bottom. When the figures increase from right to left, the longitude is west; and when they increase from the left to right, the longitude is east.

128. In maps, in general, the top is northward, the bottom southward, the left hand westward, and the right hand eastward. When otherwise, the bearings of the map are expressed by a small compass, with a fleur-de-lis pointing to the north, and a cross pointing to the east.

129. Distances upon maps are measured by means of a scale, which is generally placed in one of the

corners.

Obs. 1. The mode of constructing maps is fully explained in my larger work, entitled " Popular Illustrations of Geogra phy;" and various interesting and highly useful Problems on the use of Maps are given in my Royal Atlas; by means of which all the Problems on the Terrestrial Globe are solved by means of maps.

2. The Royal Atlas contains a complete treatise on the construction of general and particular maps and charts.

QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES

ON THE MAP OF THE WORLD.

1. Between what continents is the Atlantic Ocean situated?

2. Whether is Otaheite on the north or the south of the equator?

3. What is the sea that lies between Europe and Africa?

4. Whether does Europe or Asia extend farthest to the north?

5. What is the most northerly land known? 6. What strait separates America and Asia? 7. What isthmus joins Africa and Asia?

8. Between what continents does the Red Sea extend?

9. Whether does America or Africa extend farthest south?

10. In what direction do the Friendly Islands lie from the Society Islands?

11. How does New Zealand lie from Australia? 12. What seas are interposed between Europe and Asia?

13. Whether is Asia or Africa the largest ?

14. Into what sea does Barrow's Strait lead? 15. Whether does Africa or Australia reach farthest south.

16. What is the great ocean between America and Asia?

17. Whether is there most land in the northern or southern hemisphere?

18. Whether is North or South America largest ? 19. Between what continents do the Alentian Islands lie?

20. What is the most northerly point of America yet known?

21. A ship sails from England eastward round the world, and back to England; through what oceans does it pass ?

22. What is the strait between Hudson's Bay and the Polar Sea ?

23. What island lies to the south of Australia ? 24. A ship sails from England to Calcutta ; through what seas does it pass ?

25. Which is the largest island in the world? 26. What is the most southerly group of islands known?

27. What is the most westerly point of the Old Continent?

28. How are the Sandwich Islands situated in regard to Otaheite ?

29. Which continent has the greatest extent of iand between the tropics?

30. Is there any continent which has no land between the tropics?

31. Which is the most southerly country of Asia?

32. Suppose a man travels the most direct road from Paris to Pekin; through what countries does he pass?

33. What continents do the Ural mountains separate?

34. Whether is New Zealand one island or two? 35. What is the most southerly point of America?

36. What strait separates Australia from New Guinea?

37. What is the most southerly cape of Greenland?

38. What isthmus joins North and South America?

39. What ocean intervenes between Africa and India?

40. In what direction does a vessel sail from England to the West Indies?

41. Whether is Sumatra or Jamaica the largest island?

42. Suppose a man travels from Madrid to Calcutta by land (but crossing the Dardanelles); through what countries does he pass?

43. How are the Ladrone Islands situated in regard to China?

44. When it is noon at London, what hour is it at New York?

45. Through what countries does a man pass in travelling from Constantinople to Morocco ?

46. What strait leads into Baffin's Bay?

47. Does the equator cross any part of North America?

48. Suppose a man travels by land from Quebec to Valparaiso; through what countries does he pass? 49. How are the Caroline and Ladrone Islands situated in regard to each other?

50. How many degrees is the Cape of Good Hope south from London ?

51. How many degrees is Ispahan east from Paris?

ON THE MAP OF EUROPE.

52. What are the northern boundaries of Europe?

53. Whether is London or Paris farthest to the west?

54. Through what countries does the Danube flow? Into what sea does it fall?

55. By what seas and straits is Europe bounded on the east?

56. What is the most westerly point of Europe? 57. What is the largest country in Europe? 58. What is the sea between Britain and Denmark?

59. On what river does Hamburgh stand? Through what provinces does it pass? Into what sea does it fall?

60. What is the greatest inland sea of Europe? 61. What is the highest mountain in Europe? 62. What are the straits between Italy and Sicily?

63. Of what state is modern Rome the capital? 64. On what river is Oporto situated?

65. What sea separates France from England?

66. What is the principal seaport of Austria ? On what sea is it situated?

67. To whom does Genoa now belong?

68. What is the chief sea-port of Belgium? 69. Of what kingdom is Amsterdam the capital?

70. What is the principal river of Italy? and into what sea does it fall?

71. A vessel sails from Portsmouth to Archangel; through what seas does it pass?

72. What are the chief French ports on the Mediterranean?

73. What are the boundaries of the new state of Greece?

74. To what power does Malta belong?

75. What are the chief volcanoes in Europe? 76. Through what country does Hamus, or the Balkan, chain extend?

77. Whether is Berlin or Vienna the most easterly? 78. A vessel sails from London to Odessa; through what seas does it pass? Through what straits?

79. Whether is Stockholm or Petersburgh the most northerly?

80. To what state does Mentz now belong?

81. What countries do the Pyrenees separate ? . 82. What great city lies at the mouth of the Tagus?

83. A man travels from Paris to Petersburgh; through what countries does he pass?

84. Of what empire is Vienna the capital?

85. Through what countries does the Rhine flow? 86. What are the chief natural features of Switzerland?

87. What chain of mountains runs through Italy? 88. What are the chief ports on the west coast of France?