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THE

QUARTERLY REVIEW.

No. 420.-JULY, 1909.

Art. 1.-THE CENTENARY OF DARWIN: DARWIN AND
HIS MODERN CRITICS.

1. The Origin of Species. By Charles Darwin. London:
Murray, 1859. (Popular edition. One vol. 1906.)
2 The Descent of Man. By Charles Darwin. Two vols.
London: Murray, 1871. (Popular edition. One vol.
1906.) And other works by the same author.

3. Life and Letters of Charles Darwin. Edited by his son,
Francis Darwin. Three vols. More Letters of Charles
Dancin. Edited by Francis Darwin and A. C. Seward.
Two vols. London: Murray, 1887, 1903.

4. The Principles of Heredity, with some Applications. By
G. Archdall Reid. London: Chapman and Hall, 1905.
5. Recent Progress in the Study of Variation, Heredity,
6. Species and Varieties; their Origin by Mutation. By
and Evolution. By R. H. Lock. London: Murray, 1906.
Hugo de Vries. Edited by D. T. MacDougal. Second
edition. Chicago: Open Court Publishing Company;
London: Kegan Paul, 1905.
1. Heredity. By J. A. Thomson. London: Murray, 1908.
8. The Heredity of Acquired Characters in Plants. By
9. The Methods and Scope of Genetics.
Rev. Prof. George Henslow. London: Murray, 1908.

Lecture. By W. Bateson.

Press, 1908.

An Inaugural Cambridge: University

10. The Darwin-Wallace Celebration, held on July 1, 1908, by the Linnean Society. London, 1908.

11. Fifty Years of Darwinism: modern aspects of Evolution. Centennial addresses in honor of Charles Darwin before the American Association for the Advancement of Science; Baltimore, Friday, January 1, 1909. New York: Holt and Co., 1909.

Vol. 211.-No. 420.

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12. Darwin and Modern Science: Essays in commemoration of the centenary of the birth of Charles Darwin and of the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of the Origin of Species.' Edited by A. C. Seward. Cambridge: University Press, 1909.

THREE anniversaries, memorable in the history of thought, have their place in the years 1908 and 1909. The first of these is the fiftieth anniversary, on July 1, 1908, of the publication to the world of the Darwin-Wallace theory of Natural Selection; the second, the hundredth anniversary, February 12, 1909, of the birth of Charles Darwin; the third, the fiftieth anniversary, November 24, 1909, of the publication of the Origin of Species.' Who, forty years ago, could have foretold the enthusiasm and interest which these anniversaries would inspire? The Linnean Society celebrated the first of them by a special meeting, which was addressed by Alfred Russel Wallace and Sir Joseph Hooker, two out of the four chief actors of July 1, 1858. That anniversary will be an abiding inspiration to many a naturalist. Nor will its influence be limited to those who were fortunate enough to be present; for the Society has issued a full and admirable account of the proceedings. The American Association for the Advancement of Science, meeting at Baltimore, celebrated these three anniversaries on January 1 of the present year, and has now published in a memorial volume the eleven addresses delivered in honour of Charles Darwin. But this was only the chief among many celebrations held in great centres of population and universities throughout the United States. Of these it is only possible to mention the addresses in the American Museum of Natural History, New York, on February 12, and the courses of commemorative lectures which began on the same day at Columbia University and Chicago University. Furthermore, the April number of 'The Popular Science Monthly' and the May number of the Psychological Review' are entirely devoted to the life and influence of Charles Darwin and dedicated to his memory. The birthday was also celebrated at Oxford by a large meeting in the schools, at which four of Darwin's sons were present. Finally, as was most fitting, the climax was reached by the great commemora

tion, on June 22-24, at Darwin's own university. Here, in the presence of the assembled representatives of hundreds of universities and learned societies throughout the world, Cambridge did high honour to the memory of her illustrious son. Several weeks before this great celebration, an enduring memorial was issued by the Cambridge University Press in the form of a massive volume of twenty-nine essays, edited by Prof. A. C. Seward.

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It is deeply interesting, while our minds are full of
all the gratitude the world is now expressing for the gift
of a great mind and a great life, to turn for a moment to
the past and attempt to recreate the atmosphere into
which the 'Origin of Species' was born. How difficult,
how well-nigh impossible, it is to-day to realise the intel-
lectual environment which produced the great encounter
between Huxley and the Bishop of Oxford on June 30,
the Saturday of the British Association week at Oxford
in 1860! The bishop's deliberate utterances appeared
about the same time in the celebrated article on the
Origin' in the July number of this Review. Apart from
the few specially foolish remarks which Huxley, as
skilled controversialist, immediately seized upon and held
up to deserved ridicule,‡ a peculiarly irritating feature of
the article is the didactic style which it adopts towards
the most cautious as well as the greatest of naturalists.
Now, however, that we can look back dispassionately, it
may be freely admitted that the tone is friendly and
appreciative, and a welcome contrast to much that was
written between forty and fifty years ago. Furthermore
-whether original or due to the inspiration of Richard
Owen-some of the criticisms are well aimed, and have
been urged independently by writers of the highest
eminence in science. Thus the argument that domestic
races freely interbreeding together are essentially differ-
ent from natural species separated by the barrier of
sterility, and hence that the results of artificial selec-
tion supply no evidence of the origin of species by means
of natural selection, was acutely felt by Huxley himself.
It is impossible on the present occasion to give a
detailed account of the years of storm and stress which

**Life and Letters of Charles Darwin,' ii, 320–324.
+Quarterly Review,' No. 215, July 1860, pp. 225-264.
'Life and Letters of Charles Darwin,' ii, 182, 183.

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