Hidden Death: Landmines and Civilian Casualties in Iraqi KurdistanHuman Rights Watch, 1992 - Всего страниц: 67 8. Control, eradication, marking and awareness initiatives. |
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Стр. 13
... appears also to have been used as a dump for unused mines , probably when Iraqi forces withdrew from the frontier post in 1991. In the southern areas it appears that the mines , in most cases , were armed but deployed in a random and ...
... appears also to have been used as a dump for unused mines , probably when Iraqi forces withdrew from the frontier post in 1991. In the southern areas it appears that the mines , in most cases , were armed but deployed in a random and ...
Стр. 14
... appears that the mines were laid originally as a defensive strategy . Smaller concentrations of mines in the copses near the western base of the hill are unmarked and were disseminated during skirmishes between Iranian and Iraqi forces ...
... appears that the mines were laid originally as a defensive strategy . Smaller concentrations of mines in the copses near the western base of the hill are unmarked and were disseminated during skirmishes between Iranian and Iraqi forces ...
Стр. 18
... appear to be loose tripwires in several locations on the land . This would indicate that devices have been buried rather than surface laid . No other devices were apparent . No barriers or warning signs were erected when the mines were ...
... appear to be loose tripwires in several locations on the land . This would indicate that devices have been buried rather than surface laid . No other devices were apparent . No barriers or warning signs were erected when the mines were ...
Стр. 19
... appear from those samples examined by Middle East Watch that the tripwires which form part of the initiation circuit ... appears , as would be expected , to center on key high,spots and installations . A large area of land on the ...
... appear from those samples examined by Middle East Watch that the tripwires which form part of the initiation circuit ... appears , as would be expected , to center on key high,spots and installations . A large area of land on the ...
Стр. 21
... appear to have little regard for the great danger . that surrounds them . Technical Appraisal : Two devices have been used in great quantities in this minefield . Both are of Italian origin : the Valmara 69 and the SB - 33 . ( See ...
... appear to have little regard for the great danger . that surrounds them . Technical Appraisal : Two devices have been used in great quantities in this minefield . Both are of Italian origin : the Valmara 69 and the SB - 33 . ( See ...
Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
anti-personnel mines anti-tank mines armed attack barbed wire booby-traps bounding mines buried Choman civilian objects civilian population clearance Conventional Weapons customary law danger Derband destroy detonated Dohuk governorate Eenay Erbil field firebase Gapilon grazing Hajomran heavily mined Human Rights Watch humanitarian ICRC injuries Interviewed in Sulemaniya Iran Iran-Iraq war Iraq Iraqi army Iraqi forces Iraqi government Iraqi Kurdistan Iraqi troops Kashan killed kilometers Kirkuk Kurdish population Kurds laid land mine casualties Land Mines Protocol landmines livestock manufactured maps marked Mawat Meters X2 Lat Middle East Watch military objective mined areas minefield minefields surveyed Mines Advisory Group Mohammed napalm Nowpredam ordnance Penjwin perimeter pesh merga Pirdi Kashan PMN-HGE prohibition protect civilians right leg risk road Sardekan Hill September 11 Shirawash Sulemaniya City Hospital surveyed by Middle Technical Appraisal traumatic amputation tripwire United Nations unmarked Valmara 69 Valsella villages warning signs Zakho Zinway
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Стр. 60 - Refrain from deciding to launch any attack which may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage to civilian objects, or as combination thereof, which would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated...
Стр. 63 - ... remotely delivered mine" means any mine so defined delivered by artillery, rocket, mortar or similar means or dropped from an aircraft. 2. "Booby-trap" means any device or material which is designed, constructed or adapted to kill or injure and which functions unexpectedly when a person disturbs or approaches an apparently harmless object or performs an apparently safe act. 3. "Other devices...
Стр. 62 - Starvation of civilians as a method of combat is prohibited. It is therefore prohibited to attack, destroy, remove or render useless for that purpose, objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population such as food-stuffs, agricultural areas for the production of food-stuffs, crops, livestock, drinking water installations and supplies and irrigation works.
Стр. 64 - ... children's toys or other portable objects or products specially designed for the feeding, health, hygiene, clothing or education of children...
Стр. 59 - ... circumstances to direct weapons to which this Article applies, either in offence, defence or by way of reprisals, against the civilian population as such or against individual civilians.
Стр. 5 - Iraq allow immediate access by international humanitarian organizations to all those in need of assistance in all parts of Iraq and to make available all necessary facilities for their operations; 4.
Стр. 64 - ... historic monuments, works of art or places of worship which constitute the cultural or spiritual heritage of peoples; (x) animals or their carcasses.
Стр. 58 - ... c) that distinction must be made at all times between persons taking part in the hostilities and members of the civilian population to the effect that the latter be spared as much as possible; 2.
Стр. 58 - ... those objects which by their nature, location, purpose or use make an effective contribution to military action and whose total or partial destruction, capture or neutralisation, in the circumstances ruling at the time, offers a definite military advantage.
Стр. 56 - The United Nations Conference on Prohibitions or Restrictions of Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects...