From the preceding extracts and remarks on the composition of the Telugu language, as respects terms, it results that the language may be divided into four branches, of which the following is the natural order. Dés'yam or AtsuTelugu pure native terms, constituting the basis of this language and, generally, also, of the other dialects of southern India: Anya-dés'yam terms borrowed from other Countries, chiefly of the same derivation as the preceding: Tatsamam, pure Sanscrit terms, the Telugu affixes being substituted for those of' the original language: Tadbhavam, Sanscrit derivatives, received into the Telugu, direct, or through one of the six Prácrits, and in all instances more or less corrupted. The Grámyam (literally the rustic dialect from Grámam Sans. a village) is not a constituent portion of the language, but is formed from the Atsu-Telugu by contraction, or by some permutation of the letters not authorized by the rules of Grammar. The proportion of Atsu-Telugu terms to those derived from every other source is one half; of Anya-dés'yam terms one tenth; of Tatsamam terms in general use three twentieths; and of Tadbhavam terms One quarter.

With little variation, the composition of the Tamil and Cannadi are the same' as the Telugu and the same distinctions, consequently, are made by their grammatical writers. The Telugu and Cannadi both admit of a freer adoption of Tatsamam terms than the Tamil: in the two former, in fact, the discretion of the writer is the only limit of their use; in the high dialect of the latter those only can be used, which have been admitted into the dictionaries by which the language has long been fixed, or for which classical authority can be adduced; in the low dialect the use of them is more general by the Brahmans they are

profusely employed, more sparingly by the Súdra tribes. The Cannadí has a greater and the Tamil a less proportion of Tadb,havam terms than the other dialects; but in the latter all Sanscrit words are liable to greater variation than is produced by the mere difference of termination, for, as the alphabet of this language rejects all aspirates, expresses the first and third consonant of each regular series by the same character, and admits of no other combination of consonants than the duplication of mutes or the junction of a nasal and a mute, it is obviously incapable of expressing correctly any but the simplest terms of the Sanscrit; all such, however, in this tongue are accounted Tatsamam when the alteration is regular and produced only by the deficiencies of the alphabet.

But, though the derivation and general terms may be the same in cognate dialects, a difference in idiom may exist so great, that, in the acquisition of one, no assistance, in this respect, can be derived from a knowledge of the other. As regards the dialects ef southern India this is by no means the case, in collocation of words, in syntaxical government, in phrase, and, indeed, in all that is comprehended under the term idiom, they are, not similar only but the same. To demonstrate this and to shew how far they agree with, or differ from, the Sanscrit, the following comparative translations of examples taken from the section on syntax in Dr. Wilkins Sanscrit Grammar have been made into Tamil, Telugu, and Cannadi; from these, also, will appear the relation these languages bear to each other in the minuter parts of speech and in casual and temporal terminations.

1

2

3

5

TRANSLATION.

6

6

.8

The children sleep freely and the infernal beings are continually crying;

9

7

7

4 4

4

11

10 10

The songsters are always singing, and those overcome by discase are always

10

dying.

7

11

6

4

Cumáreru yadhéchchhéyági nidrisultárè naracadalli iruvarunnu hérařa cúguttárè gayacaru adhicavági hááuttárè rogadinda hodeyel-pattaverunnu

1

4

9

bahala sagittárè.

1

6

3'

7

3

4

6

7

Cuz'hendeigal tam manadin padiccu nitterei-pannuckirárgal naragattil ullavergalunt nillámel câppidugirárgať páánvár migavum páduckirárgaľ rogattinàl vducca-paitavergalum cureigámet shágirárgaľ”.

5 4

11,

The construction of the Sanscrit sentence is as follows. The figures throughout refer to the collocation of the Sanscrit.

1 A noun in the Ist case plural governing 2 a verb in the 3rd. per. plu. pres. of s'été he sleeps. 3 a noun in the 2d case neu used adjectively, composed of swa own and iram motion. 4 the 3d per. plu. pres. of the reiterative form, medial voice, of rauti he roars. 5 a conjunction. 6 a derivative from naracah by the taddhita affix an with the meaning of the 7th or locative case, bring in a place. 7 the same as 4 from gayati to sing. S the same as 5.9 a compound formed of gitah a song and gnyah part. past aet. (capratéya) from jánáti to know. 10 the same as 4 from mriyati to die. 11 a compound from rujà disease fem, and jitah past part. pas. (ctapratéya), from jayati to conquer.

The construction of the Telugu' sentence is ;

1. Sans. a noun in the first case plural. 3 an adverbial phrase; formed from swéchchha, of Sanscrit derivation, being from swa own and ichchhà desire, and gà, changed from ca by sandhi, the inseparable part. from cávadamu to bebecome. 2 the 3rd pers. plu. of the compound present, formed by nidrintsutsa, the gerund of the present tense, derived from nidra Sans. sleep, and unnáru, the third per. plu. pres. of undadamu to be- exist. 6 Sans. a noun in the seventh