10 16 from desire, were calumnious, shewed anger, were pleasant, shewed malice, 15 13 18 20 19 waited, were sly and insidious, flattered, hoped & cursed." NOTE. It will be observed that the English translation does not exactly express the meaning of the original, and, as this is carefully preserved in the other versions, it of course, disagrees with them. 17 10 17 19 12 14 2 15 16 Yeveni gurinchi golla-údavari gumpu tamacamu vella leni-toppul-enchenoalegend ortsaccapoyend impayenò chedocórenò cátsiyundenò bonkenò pogadenò 18 13 1 Yavanan curiltu gollatica gumpu soccuninda al'cajam-pattidò muniytò sanasitò baitò keda-gorittò cádacondittò bonkitò hogal'itò gorittò baytò, antè 17 11 5 13 1 14 12 6 8. cúltam 16 12 13 TAMIL. 3 5 2 14 16 18 Evenuccága vidciyàl' cui'tam naseiyenàl az'haccúru-pattdidò munindado poráá'irundadò vinb'ánadò kédaccorinadò càttucona'irundadò poccan-chonnadò pugez'hndudò coradò túvinadò averri nellavugal'uccu chelvam coduccavum. The observations made on the preceding example, respecting the construction of the relative and antecedent in Sanscrit, and the modes of supplying it in the southern dialects, may be made on this. The original, in the work whence it is taken, exemplifies the government of the fourth or dative case by the several verbs which therein occur; in Telugu and Cannadi these verbs do not govern this case, but the upapada dwitiya of the Sanscrit with the upaserga prati; this, in these languages, is expressed by the accusative governed by gurinchi or curittu - mark, determine, used as a preposition in Tamil these verbs may have the same government, or as in the translation into this language, they may govern the dative, as in the Sanscrit, with the preposition for as explained in the note on the foregoing example. In translating this last sentence into the southern dialects, the difficulty has rather been in the selection of appropriate terms whereby to express the shades of meaning which the verbs, in the original, convey; in general, however, it will be found difficult to express any sentiment clearly and precisely in Telugu or Cannadi, without using Sanscrit words in a greater or less proportion, while in Tamil, in the higher dialect (Shen Tamizh) especially, this may always be done with facility. Thus in the present examples, smarah, a name of the Indian Cupid, but signifying, the cause being put for the effect, love, is appropriately translated in Tamil nasei sexual love; in the other two dialects, however, there is no such native word, the Sanscrit cámam being used for it; tamacamu, the word substituted in Telugu, means lust merely, and soccu in Cannadi desire in general. Again, asapta the third person of the past tense lang of sapati he curses, cannot be rendered strictly into any of the three dialects, except by a term from the same root; tittádamu in Telugu, and bayvadu in Cannadi, mean to vilify - abuse, either of these, v being substituted for the b of the last, may be used in Tamil, but túridel is preferred, as it is more frequently applied when abuse by women is meant. Again hauti in Sanscrit means to dissemble this is exactly rendered by bonkadamu in Tel. and Can, but poccam in Tam. though derived from the same root, scarcely extends to this meaning, nor is it in common use, To enable a comparison to be made of the superior dialects of the southern languages with each other, and with the Sanscrit, the following versions of an English sentence have been made; they are necessarily in verse as this is the appropriate style of the three dialects and, with the preceding observations, will sufficiently establish the positions maintained at the commencement of this note, relative to the affiliation of the Telugu. CHAPTER FIRST. TELOOGOO ALPHABET. he letters in the Teloogoo, as in most other Indian alphabets, are apt, 1 The seem admitted into the alphabet, as simple characters. The dipthongs are represented by seperate signs, not, as in English, by the coalition of two vowels. There is one set of symbols for initial unconnected vowels; another for the same vowels when joined with consonants to form syllables; and in both of these, the long vowels are distinguished from the short. Ainong the consonants also, the aspirated letters are represented by distinct symbols, not by a combination, as in our own language; and the harsh are distinguished from the soft letters. But those who may at first question the utility of so many letters in the Teloogoo, will perhaps relinquish most of their objections, when they find that the variety of sound in this language is greater, and better represented, than in English, On the length of a vowel, on the harsh or soft pronunciation of a consonant, depends, in a thousand instances, the meaning of a word; and, consequently, it is of greater importance, in Teloogoo, that each different shade of sound should be accurately marked; than in our own language, in which, comparatively, few words materially resemble each other. |