CHAPTER THIRD. T he words of the Teloogoo language, formed of the letters treated of in the 126 foregoing pages, are classed by Sanscrit Grammarians under four distinct heads. 1st Déshyumoo, or, as it is more emphatically termed, Utsu Déshyumoo, the pure language of the land; 2d. Provincial terms, or words peculiar to the vulgar. To these we may also add In each of the three following Chapters, which treat of substantive-nouns and pronouns, of adjective-nouns and pronouns, and of the verb, the will be distinguished from the words: but all observations rewords will be found in the Chapter respecting substantives; because the words of the two last mentioned classes consist chiefly of substantives; and the reader, reasoning from analogy, will find it easy to apply the rules given under that head, to adjectives, and verbs. 127 128 The S, or provincial terms, are contractions or corruptions of pure Teloogoo words, rather than a separate class of vocables; I have therefore deemed it better to offer, in the course of the work, such remarks respecting them as occasion has suggested, than to collect the rules regarding them under any separate head. SUBSTANTIVES. 129 130 1ST OF THE POSTPOSITIONS, Before entering on the subject of declension, a few preliminary observations are necessary, respecting that very useful class of words, by means of which the various cases of the substantive nouns and pronouns, in this language, are formed. English substantives are declined by prefixing to them, in the singular and plural numbers, certain particles, termed prepositions. The cases of Teloogoo nouns and pronouns are formed in the same manner, except that the particles follow the noun, instead of preceding it; hence, I have termed them postpositions. In Teloogoo, we would not say with swords, by men, of me; but శత్తులతో - మనుష్యుల చేత, నాయొక్క soords with, menu by, me of, When a preposition accompanies an English word which is liable to inflexion, the word cannot stand in the nominative case; it must assume it's inflected or oblique form: we cannot say of 1, to I, &c. but of me, to me, &c. In the same manner, in Teloogoo, notwithstanding some nouns have nearly the same form in the inflexion, as in the nominative case, yet as all nouns and pronouns may be said to admit of inflexion, it may be laid down as a general rule, that when followed by postpositions, they cannot continue in the nominative case: by some of the postpositions, they re conve ted into their oblique form; by others, either into this simple inflected state, or into the dative; and by a few, derived from verbs, they are changed into the accusative case. The following is a list of the principal Teloogoo postpositions. RUDE.......of; the sign of the genitive case. *.35........... తో - తోడ - తోడుత..... J....... లోపల ... వల్ల-వలన కొరకు- కై· నిమిషము.... కోసము - కోసరము .. ..................to, før; the sign of the dative case. in; the sign of the local ablative. •by, by means of; the sign of the instrumental ablative. ·with, along with; the sign of the social ablative. .........in, by, with. 40 355 వెంబడి... behind, after. ..behind. Dúos To-Davagainst, opposite. 131 132 133 131 through. Under the following rules, the whole of these words may be added to any noun or pronoun, placed in the particular case which the postposition is stated above to require. The postpositious 3-, the signs of the dative case, are not used promiscuously with any inflexion; & is added only to inflexions terminating in 9 § or Z; thus, inflexion Vishtnoo, dative 8 to Vishtnoo; inflexion The Goddess of prosperity, dative & § to the Goddess of prosperity; and to inflexions ending in any other letter, inflexion & a stick, dative & to a stick, inflexion a ruler, dative to a ruler, inflexion a woman, dative to a woman: but it is requisite to insert the syllable between and all inflexions ending in vor; as, inflexion Rama, dative ̄LxIš to Rama, inflexion o beauty, dative o x to beauty. The postposition is added only to the inflexions of nouns denoting inanimate things ending in v; thus, we may say in the paper, because the inflexion A ends in v; but we cannot add to g female garment, for it ends in, nor to a horse, because it is an animate object. Inflexions always terminate in some vowel, and the postpositions o, అందు, €0, 225, J, and IT commence with vowels, but, by the rules already given, two vowels cannot come in contact; a singular inflexion terminating in v or, although included in the class termed kululoo, when followed by these postpositions, affixes n; thus, opposite Rama &c. (rule 108). When these postpositions, however, follow a singular or wax and are never subjoined to any words except verbal nouns, 135 or nouns denoting inanimate things; and is used only after abstract nouns. కూచి - పట్టుఁది - చేసి and పట్టి always change into గూచిగా బట్టుఁది జేసి 136 and a when used as postpositions. The nature and use of the foregoing words will be more fully explained in 137 the Syntax, where it will be shewn that many of them, though used as postpositions, are in fact parts of nouns, or forms of verbs. I have no doubt that the whole are derived from the same sources: at the same time, without a further knowledge of the ancient dialect than we now possess, it would be difficult to trace the origin of some pure Teloogoo derivatives, such as at the sign of the genitive, and 50 or 8 the signs of the dative case. This difficulty has led some to treat these, and similar words, rather as affixes inseparable from substantives, than as a separate class of vocables. But, whatever may be the history or etymology of these words; whether they are derived from nouns or verbs now obsolete, or are themselves original terms, there is no doubt that, in use, they are distinct from all others in the language, and precisely equivalent to our English prepositions. This, I think, justifies my classing them as a separate part of speech, and giving them the appellation by which I have endeavoured to distinguish them. |