513

514

in the one case the auxiliary number, and person; in the other

&c. agrees with it's nominative in gender, is indeclinable..

2ndly. is used independently by itself as a simple negative particle denying existence, applicable to all persons, without reference to any time, and opposed to which denies essence, quality &c; the contrary of the first is , the irregular third person singular of the affirmative aorist of the root ex; the contrary of the second is the word, the third person singular of the affirmative aorist of to become. If I ask is there a house here?r enquire respecting existence, and the answer, if there is one, is; if not ... But if I see something at a distance, and, doubtful not of its existence but of its essence or quality, ask, is that a house, the answer, if it is not, is if it is, అవును.

;

OH indeed may be considered to represent the English word yes, being అవును constantly used as an affirmative reply to questions of all kinds, and not restricted like its negative to a denial of essence or quality; for example, yes may be used in reply to any of the following interrogations. వూరినుంచివచ్చినాడా has he returned from the country? ఈ కాలంవాన లుకురి ప్రేమంచిదా would rain be seasonable at this time? ఈ రాజు ధ గ్మాత్ము డా is this King virtuous ? మీకు విద్య చదువు కోవ లెననిఅ పేతువున్నదా do you desire to learn science ?. మీ దేశమందువసము సమృద్ధి గా కురిశినదా have - you had abundance of rain in your country? &&&Âão∞TM Đà L J • LWLQJ S° have the freshes of the Cauvery reached the southern districte? 25cadr§ar&c☎° ఇతఁడు మీ కొమారుఁడా is he your son?

అవును.

ది

Notwithstanding may thus be used as a general affirmative, its use is properly confined to affirmations respecting quality or essence only; thus, if. I ask, is there rice in the house? I enquire about the existence of some thing, not respecting its quality; therefore, if there is, although we may say CFI yes, it will be more correct to answer, or I, there is: but if, seeing - a basket with something in it, I ask, is that rice in the basket? I enquire respecting the essence or quality of something, not regarding its existence, and if it is rice, yes is the only proper answer; if it is not, .

Such is the use of these words when used independently by themselves, but 515 when follows a noun in the common dialect, it does not signify yes or it is, but it will or may be: and if used in speaking of the present time, it also implies doubt; thus if to my question, what is there? they answer బియ్యమవు it may be rice; this is the same as saying, I cannot speak with certainty, but I think, or have understood, that it is rice. The particle

it is said or they say, is often used in this sense; thus, if Lask, is Gooroomoorty here? and the answer is voustav this means, I do not know, but they say that he is gone home. When used in speaking of any future event, the word E may imply either doubt or certainty; for example, should I ask

కష్టపడిచదువుకొం టే తెలుగులో సమథుఁడవునా if he take pains and reud,

will he become well versed in Teloogoo, and am answered

it means either that he will certainly become well versed in Teloogoo, or that he may perhaps become well versed in Teloogoo: a prevaricating witness may often attempt to shelter himself under the equivocal meaning of this word.

This phrase represents the English word otherwise; DI 516

if you give it, 'tis well, లేశపో లేనేనుబలవంతముగాతీసుకొంటున్నాను

otherwise, I will take it forcibly. It consists of the negative verbal participle the negative aorist of sex, prefixed to the conditi

, derived from

enal form of the verb

ог

to go, used here merely as an expletive,

వర - మట్టు..

These words imply a term, or limit, they are generally used in the dative 517: ease, and often with the conjunction న్ను; thus, వరకు or వరకున్ను and మట్టుకు మట్టుకున్ను signify until; as ఈ గదియవరకు or వరకున్ను - మట్టుకు or Ls until this hour, hitherto; 8 may also be used in the local ablaJ¬Ê∞ I never saw him till this time; we that much, as far as

tive; thus,

say also

that; do

వర

o∞ this much, thus far;

how much? how far; &c.

మాత్రము.

This word applies to all computation, whether by number, weight, or measure; 518

519

thus, యీపొలములోపం ధాన్యముయెంతమాత్రము what quantity of grain is produced in this field ? యీ బంగారు యెంతమా త్రము what is the weight of this golu? యీ బయ్యము యెంతమాత్రము how much is this rice ? నిరుపుయేంతమాత్రము . how lung .?. వెడల్పు యెంతమాత్రము hum broad ? పొరుగుయెంతమాత్రము bow high-2 లో తుయెంతమాత్రము . hore deep? The word యెంత alone is also alsed in the same sense; thus, యీబంగారుయెంత. యీధాన్యము యెంత నిడుపుయెంత &c, but so far..as regards number, the collective pronouns often represent యెంత &c. ; thus, మనుష్యులుయెందరు how many persous ? రూకలుయెన్ని how many. Junams 2 సంవత్సర ములుయెన్ని

how many years?

కాని.

The participle from the root E to become, according to circumstances rep:esets the English words either, or, unless, ouly, ercept, although; as తా -టాకు ద గాని కాగదముమీదగానీ వ్రాయి write tither on cadjans, or on మీదగాని paper ; వాడుయిక్క డికి వ స్తే దేశానియాపు కానేరదు this business-cu);not be c]] ected, unless he come here; యీపుస్తకమునీ కేశానివాన్వివ్వను 1 will give this book to you ouly, not to him; వానివల్లగానియీపనిచక్క బడదు this business cannot be well done except by him ; మెడబట్టితో నా గాని వాడుపోడు .allhough you push him by the neck, he will not go.. It will here be observed that -when follows words belonging to the class drootupruerootica it is changed into గాని; end when it means either, or, or although, the fual 9 is lengthened into 8.

APPENDIX.

OF NUMBERS,

Ist. CARDINAL NUMBERS.

The cardinal numbers in Teloogoo, may, like adjectives, be prefixed to substantives, or like nouns, be used independently by themselves: in either state, each of them, except the first, has two forms; of which one is applicable to masculine or feminine, the other to neuter objects. I shall give the neuter cardinals first, as the others are derived from them,

Neuter Name.

.................... పదహారు

...... పది హేడు
.పది

. పద్దెనిమిది
.. పందొమ్మిది
..ఇరువై

.నలు బై

-. ఏభై
.. అరువై

. డెబ్బై
.... ఎన భై
తొంభై

.నూఱు

....ఇన్నూలు

.... మున్నూలు ...నన్నూలు ఏనూలు ఆన్నూఱు ... ఏభన్నాయి యెనమన్నూయి ...తొమ్మన్నూయి ... వెయ్యి

.... లక్ష

.. కోటి

The forms common to the masculine and feminine genders are derived from the foregoing neuters in the following manner.

The numeral 2 one, when used as an adjective, is the same for all genders: when used as a substantive, it has a separate form for each gender; viz. ఒకటి