into effect". The immediate effect of this resolution was a reduction of the United States percentage contribution from 41.88 percent for 1948 to 38.47 percent for 1949. The UNESCO Scale of contributions for the calendar year 1949 is as follows: UNITED STATES RELATIONS Authorization. The objectives of an international organization in this field were approved by the House of Representatives (the Mundt Resolution) and the Senate (the Fulbright-Taft Resolution) in May 1945.16 A joint resolution, approved July 30, 1946, provided for membership and participation by the United States in UNESCO and authorized an appropriation therefor. In fulfillment of article VII of the UNESCO Constitution, this resolution also authorized the establishment of a U. S. National Commission for UNESCO. On September 30, 1946, the UNESCO Constitution was signed for the United States and the instrument of acceptance was deposited with the British Government.16 On May 31, 1947, the President designated UNESCO as a public international organization entitled to enjoy the benefits of the International Organization Immunities Act.18 Payments. The annual United States contribution is paid from funds appropriated to the Department of State for this purpose. The United States has paid the following annual contributions since 1947: 1 In addition, the United States advanced to the UNESCO Revolving Fund $440,300 in 1947 and $397,300 in 1948. These amounts, together with the United States share of a 1947 budget surplus which was transferred to the Fund, bring the total United States advance to the Fund to $1,154,100, which amount stands to its credit. * Figure represents United States gross contribution. Due to a credit of $51,693, the United States net contribution was $2,887,173. Agencies Chiefly Concerned. The Department of State is the agency charged with primary responsibility in relation to UNESCO. The Library of Congress and the U.S. Office of Education have also actively participated in furthering the work of the organization. Participation. In addition to the aforementioned United States participation in the ground work for the establishment of UNESCO, including the drafting of the constitution (See Origin and Development, p. 140), United States delegations have been sent to the three sessions of the General Conference and numerous Americans have attended UNESCO-sponsored conferences and meetings of experts. An American is a member of the 18-man board of UNESCO. Within the United States, the National Commission for UNESCO, established in September 1946 and composed of members named by selected national organizations, officers of certain Federal agencies, of state and local educational authorities, and members-at-large, it works with organizations and individuals in the development of UNESCO'S Work. 10 See Basic Texts and Publications, p. 146. The UNESCO Relations Staff, provided by the Department of State, serves a dual function as the agency of liaison between UNESCO and the United States Government and as the secretariat for the United States National Commission. RELATIONS WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS The objectives of UNESCO are closely related to the objectives of the United Nations. Forty-three of the 51 original members of the United Nations are original signatories of the Final Act of UNESCO, and of the 46 member states of UNESCO at the present time, 42 are members of the United Nations. An agreement between the United Nations and UNESCO was effected December 14, 1946, which recognizes UNESCO as a specialized agency in accordance with article 10 of the UNESCO constitution and articles 57 and 63 of the United Nations Charter. This agreement has been enlarged by a subsidiary agreement on public information between the United Nations and UNESCO. Formal agreements have been concluded with the WHO, the ILO and the FAO. With respect to the agreement with the WHO, two joint committees have been established to deal with such common interests as medical science. A formal agreement with the Bureau of Weights and Measures is being negotiated. Additional agreements have been concluded with the International Bureau of Education, the International Studies Conference, the International Council of Scientific Unions, the World Federation of United Nations Associations, and the International Council of Museums. UNESCO has also entered into consultative arrangements with 69 international nongovernmental and semigovernmental organizations. Grants-in-aid may be extended to international nongovernmental and semigovernmental organizations with whom UNESCO has concluded formal agreements. Contracts may be concluded with nongovernmental and semigovernmental organizations which have been granted consultative status. Under the agreement with the International Council of Scientific Unions, for example, during 1947 a total of approximately one-quarter million dollars in grants-in-aid was allocated to some 20 affiliated organizations. UNESCO has also arranged for consultation and cooperation with nongovernmental international organizations and has invited them to undertake specific tasks. BASIC TEXTS AND PUBLICATIONS United States Participation: 60 Stat. 712. International Organizations Immunities Act (59 Stat. 669; 8 U.S.C. 203, 215; 22 U.S.C. 288 a, b, c, d, e, f, note; 26 U.S.C. 116, 1400, 1426, 1600, 1607 and notes 1621, 3466, 3469, 3475, 3797; 42 U.S.C. 401, 409, 1001, 1101, notes) made applicable to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization by Executive Order 9863 dated May 31, 1947. U.S. Department of State. UNESCO and the National Commission: Basic Documents. Pub. 3082. International Organization and Conference Series IV, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 3. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1948. 17 pp. (Constitution of UNESCO; 60 Stat. 712.) The Defenses of Peace: Documents Relating to UNESCO, The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Part I. Pub. 2457. Conference Series 80. (Collection of documents including the Final Act of the United Nations Conference for the establishment of UNESCO.) Washington, Government Printing Office, 1946. 31 pp. Part II. Pub. 2475. Conference Series 81. (Pamphlet on the development of UNESCO.) Washington, Government Printing Office, 1946. 58 pp. First Session of the General Conference of UNESCO, Paris, November 19– December 10, 1946: Report of the United States Delegation. Pub. 2821. Conference Series 97. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1947. 157 pp. Second Session of the General Conference of UNESCO, Mexico City, November 6-December 3, 1947: Report of the United States Delegation. Pub. 3062. International Organization and Conference Series IV, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 1. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1948. 186 pp. UNESCO and You: A Six-Point Program (March 1948). Pub. 2904. International Organization and Conference Series IV, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 4. (Questions and answers on the work, organization, and purpose of UNESCO.) Washington, Government Printing Office, 1948. 41 pp. National Commission News. Published monthly. Washington, Government Printing Office. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Universities in Need. UNESCO Pub. 217. Paris, 1948. 32 pp. You and UNESCO Courier. Published Monthly. Paris. Available in U.S. from International Documents Service, Columbia University Press, New York. Gt. Brit. Ministry of Education. UNESCO and a World Society. Pamphlet 12. London, His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1948. 46 pp. Occupation and Peacemaking Allied Commission for Austria ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT Vienna, Austria The Allied Commission for Austria was established by an agreement among the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the Provisional Government of France signed on July 4, 1945. A companion agreement among these Four Powers, dated July 9, 1945, defined the zones of occupation in Austria and set up the quadripartite administering authority for the city of Vienna.1 MEMBERSHIP The United States, the United Kingdom, France, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics are members of the Commission. PURPOSES, POWERS, AND FUNCTIONS The main tasks of the Allied Commission are to insure the enforcement in Austria of the Declaration of June 5, 1945, on the defeat of Germany,1 to complete the separation of Austria from Germany, and to assist in the re-creation of a democratic government and stable economy in Austria. When first created, the Allied Commission exercised complete control over the administration of Austria. However, after the establishment of a freely elected Austrian Government, the Commission restricted its authority in a revised control agreement of June 28, 1946.1 Under this agreement the Allied Commission retains its full powers in demilitarization, security, disposition of former German assets, and certain other matters. Except for the adoption of constitutional laws and international agreements with one of the occupying powers, the Austrian Government may act independently unless the 1For Basic Texts and Publications, p. 149. 148 |