try, and 4000 men cavalry, and the referve made in the IVth article in favour of the ftates-general with regard to the land forces thall remain in force.

VIII. When a marine war fhall be declared, in which neither of the contracting powers have any part, they fhall mutually guarantee to each other the liberty of the feas in conformity to the principle of Pavillon Ami fauve Marchandife Enne mie, excepting however all those exceptions contained in the XIXth and XXth articles of the treaty of commerce figned at Utrecht on the 11th of April 1713, between France and the United Provinces, which articles fhall have the fame force and value as if they were inferted word for word in the prefent treaty. IX. If (which God forbid) either of the two contracting parties thall be engaged in a war, in which the other thall be obliged to take a direct part, they fhall concert together the most effectual means of annoying the enemy, and oblige him to make peace; and neither of them thall have power to difarm, to make or receive propofals of peace or truce, without the content of the other; and if a negociation fhall be opened, it fhall not be begun and followed by either of the parties, without the participation of the other, and they fhall make each other acquainted with all that paffes in the faid negociation.

X. The two contracting parties, with a view efficacioutly to fulfil the engagements of this treaty, agree to keep their forces at all times in a good flate, and they fhall have liberty to require of each other all the eclairciffement on that fubject they think neceffary; they fhall communicate to each other the ftate of defence in which their military

are, and concert the propereft means to provide for the fame.

XI. The two parties fhall faithfully communicate to each other the engagements which exist between them and other powers of Europe, which are to remain untouched, and they promife not to contract any future alliance or engagement, whatever, which fhall be directly or indirectly contrary to the prefent treaty.

XII. The object of the prefent. treaty having not only the fecurity and tranquillity of the two contracting parties in view, but also the maintenance of general peace, his Chriftian majefty and their high mightineffes have referved to themfelves the liberty to request fuch other powers to join the faid treaty as they may judge neceffary.

XIII. In order the stronger to cement the good intelligence and union between the French and Dutch nations, it is agreed that the two high contracting parties fhall enter into a treaty of commerce, that the fubjects of the republic

all be treated in France, relative to trade and navigation, as the most favoured nation, and that the fubjects of his Chriftian majefty fhall be treated the fame in the United Provinces.

XIV. The folemn ratifications of the prefent treaty, in good and due form, fhall be exchanged at Verfailles between the high contracting parties in the fpace of fix weeks, or fooner if poffible, from the date of the figning of the prefent treaty.

In faith of which, we the underwritten ambaffadors and plenipotentiaries have fet our hands and feals to the prefent treaty.

Done at Fontainbleau, Nov. IC, 1785.

Signed,

III. By virtue of the contracted alliance, both parties fhall, as much as poffible, further their mutual profperity and advantage, by rendering each other every affillance, both in counfel and fuccours, upon all occafions, and not agree to any treaties or negociations which may be detrimental to each other, but fhall give notice of any fuch negociations, &c. as foon as they are propofed.

IV. It is exprefly agreed, that the guarantee ftipulated in the 2d article of the Treaty figned this day Thall comprehend the arrangement made through the mediation of his Chriftian majefty between the emperor and the United Provinces.

V. These separate articles have the fame force and value as if they were incorporated in the faid Treaty of Alliance..

Signed this day. In faith of which, &c.

Signed as the Treaty.

Memorial delivered, after the forego ing Treaties were figned, by Sir James Harris, Envoy Extraordi. nary and Minifter Plenipotentiary from the Court of London, in a Conference with the Hebdomadary Prefident of the States-General.

High and Mighty Lords, The king cannot but exprefs the moft fincere with, that the means purfued by your high mightinesses to conciliate the differences with the emperor, may fecure a peace upon a lafting and permanent bafis between the two powers.

His majesty takes with pleasure this opportunity, amidst the public tranquillity, to renew to your high mightinefies the strongest affurances of thofe fentiments of friendship and good-will towards the republic, which ever animated his majesty, as well as the British nation.

Such fentiments are equally founded on the remembrance of the cential affittance, which the two countries have formerly mutually afforded to each other, in order to fecure their liberty, independence, and religious worship, as on the natural and permanent intereft, which ought at all times to incline both nations to the most perfect friendship.

In fact, whether we attend to the evils, which, from the local fituation of the two countries, muft unavoidably, and in a very peculiar manner affect them during a war, to the great prejudice of their dearest concerns, both in political and commercial matters in the different parts of the world, or whether due attention be paid to the folidity, which a good understanding between the two powers might give to their refpective fettlements, to trade, and to the prefervation of a general peace,

peace, it will clearly appear that prudence and found policy muft in

vite them to a clofer union.

Yet, if your high mightineffes are of opinion, that, on account of the civil diffenfions which, for fome time, have unfortunately prevailed within the republic, to his majefty's great concern, the prefent time is ill fuited to the fettling of the mutual interests of both nations, an object ever prefent to his majesty, it is hoped, at leaft, that your high mightineffes, after fuch affurances from the king, and all his majefty's friendly difpofitions towards the republic, will think it fuitable to your wonted wifdom not to be drawn in to accept of any engagements which might, at any time, betray you into a fyftem contrary to that rectitude which hath ever guided his majefty, or, by making you fwerve from the folid batis of an independent neutrality, raise infuperable obstacles to the renewal of an alliance between the two powers, when time and circumftances may prefent it to your high mightineffes as a matter of ne. celity and mutual conveniency.

It is by the exprefs command of his majelly, that the underwritten has the honour of fuggefting to your high mightineffes thefe reflections, fo falutary in their object, trufting that you will pay to them that attention which the importance of the matter requires.

ter, of the 24th of November, to his exceliency the prefident, with J. Tempie's committion, having reported, that John Temple, efq. had prefented to the United States, in congrefs affembled, a commiffion in due form, bearing date the 5th day of February last, from his Britannic majefty, conftituting and appointing him the conful-general of his faid majefty to thefe States :

That there is as yet no commercial treaty or convention fubfisting between his Britannic majesty and the United States, whereby either have a perfect right to establish confuls in the dominions of the other; but that amicable negociations for that and other reciprocal privileges are now depending:

That although the iffue of those negociations is as yet uncertain, it will nevertheles be proper for the United States, on this and every other occafion, to obferve as great a degree of liberality as may confift with a due regard to their national honour and welfare: therefore,

Refolved, That the faid John Temple, ef. be, and he hereby is, received and recognized as confulgeneral of his Britannic majetty throughout the United States, and that his commiffion be registered in the fecretary's office.

Refolved, That all the privileges, pre-eminences, and authority, which the laws of nations and of the land give to a conful-general received by the United States from any nation with whom they have no commer cial treaty or convention, are dur to the faid John Temple, and fhall be enjoyed by him.

Refolved, That certified copies of the above refolutions be tranf

mitted to the executives of the different States for their information.

CHARLES THOMPSON, Sec.

Letter

majefty his crime would even render him unworthy of fuch honour, did not his remorfe efface what he must call the indignity he offers to you: this reflection alone induces him to request of your majesty a death which, while it punishes his crime, will put an end to his mi fery.

İ am the Frenchman who came into your dominions under the borrowed name of the chevalier de Bar. ral, and was taken into cuftody by your orders. I will conceal nothing from your majefty. My name is Brunzi d'Entrecaiteaux, of a noble family in Provence, born with a difpofition inclined to virtue and honour; but the too great impetuofity of my temper has made me guilty of affaffination."

Hurried away by a violent paffion, and (may I add) by a fentiment of honour carried to excefs, I found myself criminal at the moment I thought myfelf only virtuous. At the time, when with blufhes I make this humiliating confeffion to your majefty, the ftings of remorfe grow sharper, the wounds of my heart bleed afrefl, and the pain of them becomes more excruciating. I am fenfible that this chaftifement is not adequate to the enormity of my crime; all I requeft is, to obtain one capable of expiating it.

My father and mother married me when I was very young, being only eighteen years of age. I made one of thofe advantageous matches which parents inconfiderately accept, without adverting to what ought to be the first object of their attention, viz. whether there does not exift a natural averfion between the parties who are to be united for life? Another reafon determined them to oblige me to contract this marriage: it was done (they faid)

1785.

in order to fecure me against the ill effects of the paffions incident to youth. But they did not confider that mine were not yet awakened; this precaution, therefore, rather ferved to chain them down for a time, than to free me from their dominion. Restraint made them break out with greater violence, and the confequences were more fatal. The time foon came which gave birth to the strongest paffion; a feducing ob ject made me forget what I owed to my fpoufe; my heart, naturally fufceptible, and hitherto unaccustomed to love, fell a prey to it in all its violence. The excellence of the object which infpired it, appeared to me a fufficient juftification; fhe could not relift the vehemence with which I expreffed my fentiments; the flame which confumed me foon penetrated to her heart: this was the epocha of all her misfortunes, and confequently of mine.

So powerful a paffion, fostered by four years of the most familiar intercourfe, had come to its greatest height, when my family difcovered its object. This accident deprived my mitrefs of every hope of that happinefs which he had a right to expect; and, in addition to her diftrefs, the found herself on the point of lofing her reputation, in confequence of the noife fuch an event would make. Filled with despair for having reduced her to a fitua tion fo dreadful, I refolved, as I could not extricate her, to share her mifery. I propofed to her to elope with me, that being the more eaty, as I was of an age which enabled me to difpofe of my property, and it would have been no difficult matter to raife a fufficiency for our fubfiftence in fome corner of the world where we should have found an afy lumn. But though flie had ruined herfelf for me, the would not con(0)

fent