glad they were made public. The fecond and laft volume of M. Pagano's "Political Eflays" have appeared at Naples, and difcover confiderable acutenefs and knowledge; but perhaps not fufficient attention to the liberties of mankind, which writers on fuch fubjects ought, but dare not always pay.

M. D'Iturriaga having been attacked for difhonouring himfelf, his country, and all mankind, by writing against religious tolerance, has been weak enough to defend hiinfelf and doctrine, in a new pamphlet iffued from Rome; the original caufe of which was, the celebrated circular letter in favour of toleration by the bishop of Konigfgratz. The twelfth and laft volume of "The Florentine Law Decifions," have appeared; a work in high eftimation among the Italian lawyers. Dr. Paolini has published at Floence a "Treatife on the Legitimate Freedom of Commerce," written with the best views, and in a fimple and clear ftyle.

M. Seftini, beforementioned, has alfo written "Letters of a Voyage in the Levant, and along the Coat of Afia, oppofite Conftantinople." They contain many curious particulars, more especially a defcription of Mount Olympus, in the neighbourhood of Bruffa, a celebrated town of Bythinia. At Colle, in Tufcany, Memoirs of the Life of Metaftafio, and a Eulogy on Jomelli," by M. Matti, have appeared, which have every appear ance of being a faithful relation of facts. The eulogy contains a hiftorical parallel of the progrefs of theatrical mufic and poetry. P. Biagi has published two learned works, the one on "Grecian Remains," and the other on "Athenian Decrees," both extracted from the celebrated mufeum of the Na

At

ni family at Venice, which difplay deep erudition, and elucidate the manners of the ancient Greeks. They are both printed at Rome. The work on "Tufcan Antiquities," is continued at Florence, where volumes XX. and XXI. have lately appeared. P. Ildephonfa is indefatigable in his researches, and by his knowledge and induftry throws light on fubjects that to perfons lefs erudite would be totally inexplicable. The Abbé Zendrini has printed at Venice, "Reflections on the Origin of the Hebrew Language," tending to prove it was not the language of Adam, but of the Egyptians, in whofe country the defcendants of jacob remained four hundred years. Reme a courfe of philofophy, under the title of "Philofophic Differtations," by the Abbé Lafcaris, is publifhing, the first and fecond volumes have appeared. The celebrated Abbe Giordani has publifhed " Memoirs of Alexander Sforza," well authenticated, and curious; they are printed at Pefora. Abbé Carli, fecretary of the Royal Society of Mantua, has written two differtations, the one on the "Argonaut Expedition," and the other on "an Antique Baflo Relievo, reprefenting the Medea of Euripides," preferved in the Academy's mufeum. The fourth volume, containing the "Baffo Relievos of the Mufeum of the Capitol at Rome," has appeared, and is one of the moit magnificent works of the age, for which antiquaries, artifts, and connoiffeurs, have been impatiently waiting thefe thirty years.

From Italian literature, we muft now proceed to the French, which we fhall pafs over as briefly as poffible. Our want of room will not fuffer us to pay all the attention to the numerous works that king,

dom

dom has produced which thofe works might merit. The Abbé Proyart has written the "Hiftory of Stanislaus, I. King of Poland." His materials are faid to be good, his ftyle umple and clear; but, from the extracts we have feen, we are mistaken if there is not a fpirit of bigotry in the work, that will prevent its obtaining any great rank in the world of literature. The "Aeroitatie Experiments and Memoirs of M. Faujas de Saint Fond," are many of them curious. The enquiries fince the first afcent of balloons, made by the learned, to find if fome fuch experiments or invention had never before taken place, have led to various difcoveries. Among the reft we fhall extract the following as curious in its kind. The experiments made at Lisbon with the Montgolfier-balloon, incited the literati of Portugal to make numerous refearches on the fubject in confequence of which they pretend that the honour of the invention is due to Portugal. They fay that in 1720 a Brazilian Jefuit, named Bartholomew Gufmao, poffeffed of abilities, imagination, and addrefs, by permiffion of John V. fabricated a balloon in a place contiguous to the royal palace, and one day, in prefence of their majefties and an immenfe croud of fpectators, raifed himfelf, by means of fire lighted in the machine, as high as the cornice of the building; but through the negligence and want of experience of thofe who held the cords, the machine took an oblique direction, and, touching the cornice, burft and fell. The balloon was in the form of a bird with a tail and wings. The inventor propofed to make new experiments, but chagrined at the railleries of the common people, who called him wiz

zard, and terrified by the inquifition, he took the advice of his friends, burnt his manufcripts, difguifed himself, and fled to Spain, where he foon after died in a hofpital. They added, that feveral learned men, French and English, who had been to Lifbon to verify the fact, had made enquiries in the Carmelite monaftery, where Gusmao had a brother, who had preferved fome of his manufcripts, on the manner of conftructing aeroftatic machines. Various living perfons affirm, they were prefent at the Jefuit's experiment, and that he received the furname of Voader, or the flying man. "The Works of Du Val, Keeper of the Imperial Cabinet of Medals, with his Life and Letters," will invite but few people to read them, who fuppofe that they only treat on medals and antiquities; but the man himself was fo extraordinary, though fo little known, that we imagine his memoirs may please all readers. He was the fon of a poor day-labourer, an orphan at ten years of age, and, for want of work, obliged to leave his country at fourteen. The hardships he underwent to procure food, and acquire knowledge,; were truly aftonifhing. He was at haft, however, fo far rewarded, as. to be protected by, and live in the court of the emperor, at Vienna, with whom he was on terms of the utmost familiarity; yet fo little was he dazzled or delighted by the fplendor of a palace, that one day when the archducheffes paffed by him, their brother, the emperor, afked Du Val if he knew thofe la dies; to which he with naiveté anfwered, No. I am not furprifed you do not, replied the prince, my lif ters are not antiques. His life contains a thoufand aftonishing and curious particulars.

"A fmall

run into every kind of error. One of his chief modes of producing harmony is by harfh and eternal alliteration, which, though one of the inferior beauties of poetry, when introduced by a matter of his art, is one of its greatest defects, thus employed. M. de Piis, notwithstanding, poffeffes confiderable entnutiaim and invention, two of the first qualities of a poet, but he has bestowed them either improper ly, or on a barren fubject. "Let ters critical and political, on the Colonies and Commerce of the maritime Towns of France, addreffed to the Abbe Raynal, Paris." The intention of the work is to controvert fome of the Abbe Raynal's ftrictures and opinions refpecting France and her colonies. "An Account of the Works of Gafper Schott Jefuit," by the Abbé de St. Leger, Paris. Gafper Schott was a famous experimental philofopher, and fearcher into the fecrets of nature and arts; believed many fables, rejected others, and endeavoured frequently to promote the interefts of fcience; he died in 1666. M. Boiffi has published "Critical Differtations on the Jewith Hiftory," by way of fupplement to Bainage. The Abbé Teffier has alfo published "Experiments on the Smut in Wheat;" from which he deduces that quick-lime is the only agent that can effectually prevent the disease. The proportions are nine pounds of new quick-lime to about fifty quarts of water, for two hundred and forty pounds weight of wheat. "An Historical Account of the Genius and Character of the French Literati, with a Collection of their Sayings and Literary Anecdotes," by M. Taillefer, Paris. A work ufeful to the collectors of anecdotes and lovers of biography. M. Garnier con

tinues publishing his "Hiftory of France," the XXIX. and Xxx. volumes have appeared. One of the chief amusements of the French at prefent, is to elucidate fynonymous words. The Abbé Girard's excellent work on that fubject has long been known. A refpectable rival has lately rifen; the Abbé Roubaud has published "French Synonymes," in four volumes, and his work has met the applaufe of his nation. The "Adventures of Frifo" is a French tranflation from a Dutch epic poem. A fmall tract called "An Effay on Love," printed at Amsterdam, but to be had at Paris likewife, is faid to be a work of tafte, feeling, and philofophy. "Caroline of Lichtfield" is a novel that has defervedly had the greatest fuccefs in France; it has already run through feveral editions, and is beft property is, that while it delights the mind and affects the heart, it does no injury to moral conduct; but on the contray, infpires a true and fincere love of virtue. It is already known in England by a tranflation. Hiftorical and Critical Memoirs of the life and writings of Voltaire, is another tranflation from the French of a very entertaining and authentic work.

Spanish literature though it does not stand fill, makes not the rapid advances that might be wifhed. The means of procuring Spanish books being few, we shall just give a list of fuch as have come to our knowledge. The first volume of a "Hiftory of the European Colonies," by Odoardo Mala de Luque, that is to fay, the anagram being interpreted, the duke of Almodovar, faid to be a good work. “Effai of a Spanish Library," or rather on Spanish literature, volume the firit,

by

by Don Sempere, contains, as far as it goes, a good account of Spanifh authors and their progrefs in the arts and fciences. "Rudiments of Naval Tactics," by Don Salazar. The "Poems of Don Valdez;" "A Volume of New Comedies;" "A Collection of Chronicles, or Memoirs on Spanish Hiftory," many of them from fearce MSS. "Odes" by Leon D'Arroixal. All the above are publifhed at Madrid. "Political, Military, and Moral Inftructions," by Don Copons, printed at Murcia. "A Tract on the Art of making Wine," by Don Jofeph Navaro, Barcelona; "Difcourfes read before the Royal Society of Oviedo," Madrid. "Memoirs of the economical Royal Society of Majorca,”

printed at Palma, in the island of Majorca. The above are the publications come to our knowledge, befides which there is a "Periodical Journal" published at Madrid monthly, containing meteorological, medical, and chirurgical obfervations; an account of what paffes in the royal academy of Madrid; thefes and other fcholaftic exercifes of the univerfities; a defeription of the feftivals, religious and others; extracts of royal edicts; a lift of theatrical exhibitions; accounts of fires, new buildings, and other temporary matters; together with a list of new publications, but without any character of them whatever : fuch are the contents of this journal.