Civilian Pawns: Laws of War Violations and the Use of Weapons on the Israel-Lebanon BorderHuman Rights Watch/Middle East, Human Rights Watch (Organization), Arms Project (Human Rights Watch) Human Rights Watch, 1996 - Всего страниц: 142 Background to the conflict -- The July 1993 understandings -- Recend violations of humanitarian law -- Operations accountability/the Seven-day War -- Questions about some of the weapons used in the conflict -- Weapons transfers and the conflict in Southern Lebanon. |
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Ahaz Ben-Ari April 18 artillery August Beirut bombs border burns cease-fire civilian areas civilian casualties civilian population conflict danage fighter fired Katyusha flechette flechette shells fromthe guerrillas helicopter Hezbollah Hizballah hones hospital Human Rights Watch Hunan Ibid IDF sol injured Israel Israel and Hizballah Israeli forces Israeli shelling Israeli soldiers Israeli-occupied area Jane's July 1993 understandings July 26 Kafr Ruman Kafr Tibnit Katyusha attacks Katyusha rockets killed Knesset laws of war Lebanese civilians Lebanese villages Mideast Mirror military objectives military targets Nabatiyeh nore northern Israel occupi ed area October October 22 Operation Accountability Palestinian populated areas Prime Minister Protocol Qana Qol Yisra'el Radio refugee reported residents retaliation Reuters Rights Watch interview rocket attacks security zone Shaqra shelter Shimon Peres sone South Lebanon southern Lebanon Syria targeting civilians terrorists tine Tyre UNIFIL villages in southern violation warnings Washington Post weapons wounded Yitzhak Rabin zballah
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Стр. 145 - ... an attack which may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage to civilian objects, or a combination thereof, which would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated.
Стр. 31 - The presence of a protected person may not be used to render certain points or areas immune from military operations.
Стр. 68 - In order to ensure respect for and protection of the civilian population and civilian objects, the Parties to the conflict shall at all times distinguish between the civilian population and combatants and between civilian objects and military objectives and accordingly shall direct their operations only against military objectives.
Стр. 183 - Incendiary weapon" means any weapon or munition which is primarily designed to set fire to objects or to cause burn injury to persons through the action of flame, heat, or a combination thereof, produced by a chemical reaction of a substance delivered on the target.
Стр. 183 - Indiscriminate attacks are: (a) those which are not directed at a specific military objective; (b) those which employ a method or means of combat which cannot be directed at a specific military objective; or (c) those which employ a method or means of combat the effects of which cannot be limited as required by this Protocol; and consequently, in each such case, are of a nature to strike military objectives and civilians or civilian objects without distinction.
Стр. 183 - Indiscriminate attacks are prohibited. Indiscriminate attacks are: (a) those which are not directed at a specific military objective; (b) those which employ a method or means of combat which cannot be directed at a specific military objective...
Стр. 69 - ... shield military objectives from attacks or to shield, favour or impede military operations. The Parties to the conflict shall not direct the movement of the civilian population or individual civilians in order to attempt to shield military objectives from attacks or to shield military operations. 8. Any violation of these prohibitions shall not release the Parties to the conflict from their legal obligations with respect to the civilian population and civilians, including the obligation to take...
Стр. 116 - Ordering the displacement of the civilian population for reasons related to the conflict, unless the security of the civilians involved or imperative military reasons so demand; ix.
Стр. 80 - The civilian population as such, as well as individual civilians, shall not be the object of attack. Acts or threats of violence the primary purpose of which is to spread terror among the civilian population are prohibited.
Стр. 68 - In case of doubt whether a person is a civilian, that person shall be considered to be a civilian. 2. The civilian population comprises all persons who are civilians. 3. The presence within the civilian population of individuals who do not come within the definition of civilians does not deprive the population of its civilian character.