The International Law of OccupationPrinceton University Press, 2004 - Всего страниц: 241 Codified in the 1899 and 1907 Hague Peace Conferences and later modified by the 1949 Fourth Geneva Convention, the traditional international law of occupation has been challenged by advocates of human rights and self- determination and tested by the numerous occupations of the last two decades--among them Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza, Turkish occupation of Northern Cyprus, the Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia, U.S. operations in Grenada and Panama, and occupations during the Persian Gulf crisis. To address the new issues that have emerged, Eyal Benvenisti formulates a contemporary theory of the law of occupation and establishes guidelines for the lawful management of occupation. In his new preface the author addresses issues arising from the U.S. occupation of Iraq. Benvenisti delineates the international responsibilities and obligations of governments that gain control over foreign territories through the use of force and examines the conduct of various occupying powers of the twentieth century, beginning with the German occupation of Belgium during World War I. He analyzes the actions of these occupants by contrasting them with the reactions of ousted governments, of peoples under occupation, and of other states and of supranational organizations. Additionally, he evaluates the legality of various measures taken by occupants, with the result that the nature of occupation can now for the first time be systematically assessed. |
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Содержание
Overview The Phenomenon of Occupation | 3 |
The Framework of the Law of Occupation | 7 |
Past and Present | 26 |
Occupations during and after World War I Early Challenges to the Traditional Law of Occupation | 32 |
The Armistice Occupation of the Rhineland | 48 |
The Second Phase The Law of Occupation in the Wake of World War II | 59 |
Occupations by the Axis Powers | 60 |
Occupations by the Soviet Union 19391940 | 67 |
Afghanistan Kampuchea Cambodia Grenada and Panama | 159 |
Bangladesh and Northern Cyprus | 173 |
The Coalition Occupation of Southern and Northern Iraq and the Israeli Occupation of Southern Lebanon | 181 |
The Law of Occupation That Emerges from Recent Occupations | 182 |
The Law of Occupation in Contemporary International Instruments | 184 |
Conclusion | 189 |
Enforcement of the Law of Occupation on the Occupant Existing Institutions | 191 |
Enforcement through Adjudication | 192 |
The Status of Unlawful Occupations | 68 |
Allied Occupations during World War II | 72 |
The Termination of the Normative Force of the Hague Regulations | 96 |
The Fourth Geneva Convention and the Status of the Law of Occupation in 1949 | 98 |
The Israeli Occupation of the Golan Heights the West Bank Gaza and Sinai | 107 |
Theory and Practice | 108 |
Integration of the Territories with Israel | 123 |
LongTerm Occupations and the Law of Occupation | 144 |
Occupations since the 1970s and Recent International Prescriptions | 149 |
Kuwait Western Sahara and East Timor | 150 |
Enforcement through Protecting Powers | 204 |
Enforcement through Other International Processes | 207 |
Conclusion The Contemporary Law of Occupation | 209 |
The Response to Contemporary Challenges | 212 |
Monitoring the Occupants and Enforcing the Law | 216 |
Bibliography | 217 |
Table of Cases | 225 |
233 | |