Adventures, Discoveries, Experiments,

AND

Historical Sketches,

RELATING TO

The Punjab and Cashmere;

IN CONNECTION WITH

Medicine, Botany, Pharmacy, &c.

TOGETHER WITH AN ORIGINAL

Materia Medica:

AND

A MEDICAL VOCABULARY,

IN FOUR EUROPEAN AND FIVE EASTERN LANGUAGES:

BY

John Martin Bonigberger,

LATE PHYSICIAN TO THE COURT OF LAHORE.

TWO VOLUMES IN ONE.

Illustrated with numerous Engravings, containing Portraits, Plants, Fac-similes, View of the Fortress of Lahore, &c.

London:

H. BAILLIÈRE, 219, REGENT ST. & 290, BROADWAY, NEW YORK (U.S.) R. C. LEPAGE & Co. CALCUTTA.

Adventures, Discoberies, Experiments,

AND

Historical Sketches,

RELATING TO

The Punjab and Cashmere;

IN CONNECTION WITH

Medicine, Botany, Pharmacy, &c.

TOGETHER WITH AN ORIGINAL

Materia Medica;

AND

A MEDICAL VOCABULARY,

IN FOUR EUROPEAN AND FIVE EASTERN LANGUAGES:

John Martin Bonigberger,

LATE PHYSICIAN TO THE COURT OF LAHORE.

TWO VOLUMES IN ONE.

Illustrated with numerous Engravings, containing Portraits, Plants, Fac-similes, View of the Fortress of Lahore, &c.

London:

H. BAILLIÈRE, 219, REGENT ST. & 290, BROADWAY, NEW YORK (U.S.) R. C. LEPAGE & Co. CALCUTTA.

INTRODUCTION.

ON presenting this work to the English public, in an English dress, I would state, that notwithstanding much has of late been written, by travellers and physicians, on the important countries of the East, they have not exhausted their topics; and I have been induced to publish the results of my experience, from a conviction that this work may form a valuable addition to the publications already extant.

Thirty-five years spent in Asia-travelling from my native country (Transylvania) by way of the Levant, Egypt, Arabia, and Persia, to India, residing several years in the Punjab, and returning by Affghanistan, Bokhara, and Russia, at a period when these countries were but little known to Europeans-afforded me ample opportunites for satisfying my ardent desires. for research, and for obtaining an acquaintance with some of those secrets of nature which had so long been concealed in that quarter of the globe-the cradle of humanity and the birthplace of science.

The prosecution of my researches was considerably aided by my influential position, during many years, as Physician to the late Sikh Court of Lahore.

Those who take an interest in the history of the Punjab, may find, in this, the first volume, many

VOL. I.

B