A number of editions of this subcommittee print have appeared through the years. The first subcommittee print appeared in 1975 and contained two reports submitted to the Congress by the President on April 4, and 12, 1975, related to the transport of refugees from Danang, South Vietnam, and the evacuation of U.S. nationals from Cambodia. In January 1976 the subcommittee print was updated with additional reports from the President relating to the evacuation of U.S. nationals from South Vietnam and the Mayaguez incident. The 1981 edition of the subcommittee print added materials related to the aborted hostage rescue attempt in Iran and correspondence on the activities of U.S. military personnel in El Salvador. The 1983 edition was updated with the addition of six reports submitted to the Congress by the President consistent with the War Powers Resolution, as well as other documents on U.S. military activities in the Sinai, Lebanon, Chad and Grenada. In 1983, following consultation between the President and the Congress, legislation was adopted finding that the requirements of section 4(a)(1) of the War Powers Resolution were operative with respect to U.S. military activities in Lebanon, and the continued deployment of U.S. troops in that country was authorized by Congress for a period not to exceed 18 months unless an extension of that time period was approved through legislation. The 1983 subcommittee print included background documents and the text of this legislation (Public Law 98-119). The May 1988 edition included additional reports from the President related to U.S. military action taken against Libya and U.S. military actions in the Persian Gulf during 1987 and 1988. Since May 1988, when the last edition of this subcommittee print was published, a number of very significant developments related to the War Powers Resolution have taken place. This edition includes documents relating to these events. Certain documents from earlier periods which were not included in earlier editions have been added in order to make this edition a comprehensive collection of relevant documents on the War Powers Resolution. Among the documents from earlier periods which are included for the first time is the veto message of President Richard M. Nixon, dated October 24, 1973, in which he informed the Congress of his reasons for vetoing the War Powers Resolution. The House of Representatives and the Senate subsequently voted by two-thirds majorities of each house to approve the War Powers Resolution, "the objections of the President notwithstanding." This presidential message, however, presents a concise summary of executive branch objections to the War Powers Resolution, and as such it is an important part of the documentary record. Other materials which relate to the period covered by earlier prints, but which are included for the first time in this print include Public Law 97-132, the Multinational Force and Observers Participation Resolution, authorizing U.S. military personnel to participate in the Sinai observer mission, and three reports from President Ronald Reagan to the Congress relating to U.S. military forces in Lebanon. A number of world events have taken place since May 1988 in which U.S. military forces have been involved in hostilities, and reports and documents related to these activities are included-mili tary action in the Persian Gulf in the summer of 1988; in Panama in December 1989; in Liberia in 1990; in Somalia in 1992 and 1993; in the former Yugoslavia in 1993 and 1994, and in Haiti and Rwanda in 1994. The most significant use of U.S. military power since the adoption of the War Powers Resolution was the U.S. led military action against Iraq following Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990. This subcommittee print includes a large number of reports and letters related to U.S. military involvement against Iraq, including materials related to the adoption of Public Law 102-1, the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution. Not all reports submitted to the Congress by the President under Section 3 of the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution are included. Under the Resolution, the President is required to report to the Congress every two months on matters related to U.S. military activities in the region. While many of these reports contain matters that are relevant to the War Powers Resolution, a number deal with International Atomic Energy Agency inspections in Iraq and do not pertain to issues relevant to the War Powers Resolution. The reports that are included in this subcommittee print are only those that are relevant to the War Powers Resolution. Finally, this edition has been substantially reorganized by placing together all materials relating to U.S. military involvement in each particular area. This has resulted in the violation of the strict chronological ordering of documents, reports and letters which has been followed in the past, but it has made the collection easier to use. The large number of documentary materials that have accumulated over the past two decades has made this reorganization of the materials a necessity. I want to acknowledge the painstaking efforts of two individuals who have put considerable energy and thoughtful attention into updating and completing this subcommittee document-Jonathan Soros and John A. Zucker, both of whom served internships with the Subcommittee on International Security, International Organizations and Human Rights. I also wish to recognize the efforts of Ellen Collier of the Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress who has provided technical information and assistance. Foreword Page III Public Law 93-148, the War Powers Resolution Veto of the War Powers Resolution by President Richard Nixon dated October Conference Report, No. 93-547, to accompany House Joint Resolution 524, Report of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, No. 93-287, to accompany House Joint Resolution 542, the War Powers Resolution, together with minority Letter of July 16, 1974, to Secretary of State Henry A. Kissenger from Hon. Thomas E. Morgan, chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs, and Hon. J.W. Fulbright, chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations Letter of September 7, 1974, to Hon. Thomas E. Morgan, chairman, Commit- tee on Foreign Affairs, from Secretary of State Henry A. Kissenger Letter of October 7, 1974, to Hon. Thomas E. Morgan, chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs, from Secretary of State Henry A. Kissenger Report dated April 4, 1975, from President Gerald R. Ford to Hon. Carl Albert, Speaker of the House of Representatives, consistent with section 4(a)(2) of the War Powers Resolution, relative to the transport of refugees Report dated April 12, 1975, from President Gerald R. Ford to Hon. Carl Albert, Speaker of the House of Representatives, consistent with section 4(a)(2) of the War Powers Resolution, relative to the evacuation of United States nationals from Cambodia Report dated April 30, 1975, from President Gerald R. Ford to Hon. Carl Albert, Speaker of the House of Representatives, consistent with section 4(a)(1) of the War Powers Resolution, relative to the evacuation of United States citizens and others from South Vietnam Report dated May 15, 1975, from President Gerald R. Ford to Hon. Carl Albert, Speaker of the House of Representatives, consistent with section 4(a)(1) of the War Powers Resolution, relative to the Mayaguez incident Report dated April 26, 1980, from President Jimmy Carter, to Hon. Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of the House of Representatives, consistent with section 4(a)(1) of the War Powers Resolution, relative to the aborted rescue Legal opinion of May 9, 1980, by Lloyd Cutler, Counsel to President Carter, on war powers consultation, relative to the Iran rescue mission Letter of March 6, 1981, to Secretary of State Alexander M. Haig from Hon. Clement J. Zablocki, chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs, relative to United States military personnel in El Salvador Letter of April 6, 1981, to Hon. Clement J. Zablocki, chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs, from Hon. Richard Fairbanks, Assistant Secretary of State for Congressional Relations in response to Chairman Zablocki's letter Letter of May 8, 1981, to Hon. Clement J. Zablocki, chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs, from Hon. Richard Fairbanks, Assistant Secretary of SINAI PENINSULA Public Law 97–132, Multinational Force and Observers [MFO] Participation Report dated March 19, 1982, from President Ronald Reagan to Hon. Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of the House of Representatives, consistent with section 4(a)(2) of the War Powers Resolution, relative to participation by Report dated August 24, 1982, from President Ronald Reagan to Hon. Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of the House of Representatives, consistent with section 4(a)(2) of the War Powers Resolution, relative to use of United States Armed Forces in Lebanon Agreement dated September 25, 1982, between the United States and Leb- anon regarding United States participation in the Multinational Force in Report dated September 29, 1982, from President Ronald Reagan to Hon. Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of the House of Representatives, consistent with section 4(a)(2) of the War Powers Resolution, relative to use of United States Armed Forces in Lebanon Text of section 4 of Public Law 98-43, the Lebanon Emergency Assistance Report dated August 30, 1983, from President Ronald Reagan to Hon. Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of the House of Representatives, consistent with section 4(c) of the War Powers Resolution, and in further reference to use of United States Armed Forces in Lebanon Letter of September 27, 1983, to Hon. Clement J. Zablocki, chairman, Com- mittee on Foreign Affairs, from President Ronald Reagan, concerning Unit- ed States Armed Forces in Lebanon H.J. Res 364, the Multinational Force in Lebanon Resolution Public Law 98-119, the Multinational Force in Lebanon Resolution Letter of October 19, 1983, to Hon. Thomas P. O'Neill, Speaker of the House of Representatives, from President Ronald Reagan, concerning the Multi- national Force in Lebanon Resolution Report dated December 14, 1983, from President Ronald Reagan to Hon. Thomas P. O'Neill, Speaker of the House of Representatives, consistent with section 4 of the Multinational Force in Lebanon Resolution [and con- sistent with section 4(c) of the War Powers Resolution], and in further reference to use of United States Armed Forces in Lebanon Report dated February 14, 1984, from President Ronald Reagan to Hon. Thomas P. O'Neill, Speaker of the House of Representatives, consistent with section 4 of the Multinational Force in Lebanon Resolution [and con- sistent with section 4(c) of the War Powers Resolution], and in further reference to use of United States Armed Forces in Lebanon Report dated March 30, 1984, from President Ronald Reagan to Hon. Thomas P. O'Neill, Speaker of the House of Representatives, consistent with section 4 of the Multinational Force in Lebanon Resolution [and consistent with section 4(c) of the War Powers Resolution], and in final reference to use GRENADA Report dated October 25, 1983, from President Ronald Reagan to Hon. Thomas P. O'Neill, Speaker of the House of Representatives, consistent with section 4(a)(1) of the War Powers Resolution, relative to the deployment of United States Armed Forces in Grenada Report dated December 8, 1983, from President Ronald Reagan to Hon. Thomas P. O'Neill, Speaker of the House of Representatives, consistent with section 4(c) of the War Powers Resolution, relative to the withdrawal of United States Armed Forces from Grenada LIBYA Report dated March 26, 1986, from President Ronald Reagan to Hon. Thomas P. O'Neill, Speaker of the House of Representatives, relative to the Libyan attack on United States forces engaged in freedom of navigation exercises in the Gulf of Sidra Report dated April 16, 1986, from President Ronald Reagan to Hon. Thomas P. O'Neill, Speaker of the House of Representatives, consistent with section 4(a)(1) of the War Powers Resolution, relative to United States Air and Naval Forces conducting bombing strikes on terrorist facilities and military installations in Libya PERSIAN GULF Report dated May 20, 1987, from Secretary of State George P. Schultz to Letter of September 21, 1987, to Secretary of State George P. Schultz from Report dated September 23, 1987, from President Ronald Reagan to Hon. Report dated October 10, 1987, from President Ronald Reagan to Hon. Jim Report dated July 4, 1988, from President Ronald Reagan to Hon. Jim Page 113 115 116 118 120 122 125 129 131 134 136 138 |