Aowers. Extracts from it were communicated to the author, and are added to this catalogue, with the reference of Lin. fil. The Tract with the Linnæan Herbary, &c. is now, we understand, in the hands of Dr. James Edward Smith. References to fome unpublished works of L'Heritier occafionally occur, which probably will appear in proper time. The authorities from published works, or the æras of the introduction of different plants into England, are well known to our botanic readers: as a fpecimen of our author's diligent enquiries, we fhall extract his account of what is taken from other fources.

• Whether Miller's dictionary, and especially the fecond volume of the cdition of 1739, can be confidered as fufficient authority for concluding the plants mentioned in it to have been actually cultivated in England at the time of its publication, may be a matter of doubt. Lyte's Herbal is an actual tranflation of Dodonæus; and Parkinson's Paradifus Terreftris little better than a compilation from other books. Miller's dictionary is cer tainly, a more original work than either of these; it is feldom, however, if ever, that the author has quoted either of these books as authority, without having been induced by fome additional reason, to believe the plants alluded to were actually cultivated here at the time stated.

Several manufcripts preferved in the Sloanean collection at the British Museum have been made ufe of in this part of the work, particularly No 3370, intitled, Horti Regii Hamptonienfis exoticarum Plantarum Catalogus; to which another hand writing has added by Dr. Gray, On a blank page in this book is the following memorandum: "This catologue I took from one which the intendant of the garden they were in at Hamptoncourt, lent to me upon the place, with liberty fufficient to inspect the plants: they were brought from Soefdyke, a house belonging to Mr. Bentink, afterwards earl of Portland, about the year 1690, and given by him to king William."

The abbreviation Br. Muf. H. S. fignifies the Sloanean Hortus ficcus, kept in the British Museum; from whence much information, principally concerning the plants cultivated by the duchefs of Beaufort, has been obtained. R. S. means the fpecimens or plants annually, in obedience to fir Hans Sloane's will, prefented by the company of apothecaries to the Royal Society, part of which are depofited in the library belonging to that body, in Somerfet-place, and the remainder in the Briti Museum.

On the authority of various letters and other papers communicated by Michael Collinfon, efq; many plants are faid to have been introduced by his father, Mr. Peter Collinson, of Mill Hill.

Mr.Knowlton, formerly gardener to James Sherard, M. D. at Eltham, gave a variety of ufeful information, to which his name is always annexed. He died in 1782, at the age of 90.

Mr. James Lee, nurseryman at the vineyard, Hammersmith, who remembers the gardens of Archibald duke of Argyle, at Whitton, near Hounslow, cultivated with much care and li beral expence, has furnished the author with a lift of the trees that were introduced by his grace,

From his own memory the author states several plants to have been cultivated by Mr Ph. Miller, in the Phyfick Garden at Chelfea, though no reference is made to them in his gardener's dictionary.

Some plants are by tradition known to have been introduced by Robert James lo d Petre, but the times when are utterly forgot; to remedy, as much as poffible this inconvenience, they are always ftated as having been introduced before 1742, the time of his lordship's death.

• Mr. Miller, in his dictionary, often mentions plants as hav ing been fent to him by Dr. Houfloun, but he frequently omits the time when he received them; these, therefore, are in like manner stated as having been introduced before the period of the doctor's deceafe, which happened in 1733-*

The catalogue of the works referred to in thefe volumes follows, and its extent is a fufficient proof of Mr. Aiton's very diligent attention

We believe it is not to be underflood that all the plants of this catalogue are growing at this time in Kew gardens. As this work has been gradually increasing for fixteen years, many common English plants must have yielded to the more curious or more important exotics: all the different species have however flourished in it. The various new genera and fpecies we cannot enumerate; nor without a more accurate examination than we can bestow, is it easy to explain the reasons for dividing the fpecies of different genera, or for new arrangements of different kinds. We omit this discussion also for other reasons. L'Heritier, who refided fifteen months in England, delineated many of the most curious fpecies, and means to publish the figures, with full defcriptions, under the title of Sertum AngliOf this work two tables and thirty-fix pages lie before us: the rest we were led to expect this winter, but we have not yet received it. As we hall then return to the Kew gardens with many advantages, we shall be lefs diffufe at prefent. As a fpecimen of our author's manner, we fhall transcribe his defcription of the new genus Strelitzia, named Strelitzia Reginæ, in honour of the queen.

cum.

1. STRELITZIa, TAB. 2.

Heliconia Bihai.J. Mill. ic. tab. 5,6.
Canna-leav'd Strelitzia.

• Nat. of the Cape of Good Hope.
• Introd. 1773, by Sir Joseph Banks, Bart.

S. .

Fl. April and May. DESCR. Folia omnia radicalia, petiolata, oblonga, integerrima, margine inferne undulato crifpo, glaberrima, fubrus glaucefcentia, coriacea, pedalia, perfiftentia. Prioli fubcompreffi, tripedales et ultra, craffitie pollicis, vaginantes, ereéti, glabri. Scapus longitudine et craffitie petiolorum, erectus, teres, tectus vaginis alternis, remotis, acuminatis, viridibus margine purpurafcente. Spatha univerfalis fpithamaa, extus viridis, margine purpurafcens ; fpathæ partiales albida. Petala lutea, quadriuncialia. Nectarium cœtuleum.

Oss. Differentia fpecifica Heliconi albe in Linn. fuppl. 157. hujus est plantæ, fed nomen triviale ad aliam pertinet fpeciem Africanam, in hortis Europæis nondum obviam." The geranium is divided into three genera, as L'Heritier has divided it, in an unpublished work on this genus. The erodium, claffed with the monadelphia pentandriæ, containing eleven species; the pelargonium, in the monadelphia heptandria, containing fifty-two fpecies; and the geranium in the monadelphia decandria, of which the Kew gardens boast of twenty-fix fpecies. There is undoubtedly a foundation for this divifion in Linnæus' arrangement of the species; but it fhould not be taken as an example for arbitrarily dividing numerous genera, which are not fo accurately diftinguished. The appellations (græco fonte, parce detorta, cadentia), from heron's bill, ftork's bill, and crane's bill, are very happy; but commonly the names of botanists are properly preferved in these appellatives; and among the reft we perceive Mr. Aiton lives in a genus arranged with the monadelphia octandria.

The plates are not numerous; but they are in general neat, and in a few inftances well finished and even elegant: in short, we have not lately feen any botanical work, where fo much real information is found in fo fhort a compass. We have no doubt of its being received with the greateft refpe&t by the cultivators of this pleafing science.

Effays on Phyfiognomy; for the Promotion of the Knowledge and the Love of Mankind. Written in the German Language by J. C. Lavater, and tranflated into English by Thomas Holcroft. (Concluded, from p. 200.)

THE

HE last volume begins with extracts from the Dutch Journal and other authors: we fhall extract a paffage or two which we wish to preserve, when it occurs in works not often found.

Sect. 9. When a learner draws a countenance we shall com

monly

7

monly find it is foolish, and never malicious, fatirical, or the like."-(Important remark.)" May not the effence of a foolith countenance, hence, be abftracted ?"-"Certainly; for what is the caufe of this appearance? The learner is incapable of preferving proportion; the strokes are unconnected-And what is the ftupid countenance? It is one"-(among others)-" the parts of which are defectively connected, and the muscles improperly formed and arranged: thought and fenfation, therefore, of which thefe are the infeparable inftruments, must be alike feeble and dormant."

"Sect. 10. Exclufive of the muscles, there is another, fubftance in the body; that is to fay, the fcull, or bones, in general, to which the phyfiognomift attends. The pofition of the mufcles depends on thefe. How might the mufcle of the fore, head have the pofition proper for thought, if the forehead bones, over which it is extended, had not the neceffary arch, and fuperficies? The figure of the fcull, therefore, defines the figure and pofition of the mufcles, which define thought and fenfa

tion.

"Se&t. 11. The fame may be obferved of the hair, from the parts and pofition of which conclufions may be drawn. Why has the negro woolly hair? The thickness of the skin prevents the efcape of certain of the particles of perfpiration, and thefe render the fkin opaque and black; hence the hair fhoots with difficulty, and fcarcely has it penetrated before it curls, and its growth ceafes. The hair fpreads according to the form of the fcull, and the pofition of the mufcles, and gives occafion to the phyfiognomift to draw conclufions from the hair to the pofition of the mufcles, and to deduce other confequences."

"Since fenfation has a relative influence on the voice, must not there be one principal tone, or key, by which all the others are governed; and will not this be the key in which he speaks, when unimpaffioned; like as the countenance at reft contains the propenfities to all fuch traits as it is capable of receiving?"

Thefe keys of voice a good musician, with a fine ear, should collect, clafs, and learn to define, fo that he might place the key of the voice befide any given countenance, making proper allowances for changes, occafioned by the form of the lungs, exclufive of disease. Tall people, with a flatness of breast, have weak voices."

"This thought, which is more difficult to execute than to conceive, was infpired by the various tones in which I had heard yes and no pronounced."

"The various emotions under which these words are uttered, whether of affurance, decifion, joy, grief, ridicule, or laughter, will give birth to tones as various. Yet each man has his peculiar manner, correfpondent to his character, of faying yes, no, or any other word. It will be open, hesitating, grave, trifing, fympathifing, cold, peevish, mild, fearless, or timid. What a guide for the man of the world; and how do fuch tones difplay or betray the mind!"

"Since experience teaches us that, at certain times, the man of understanding appears foolish, the courageous cowardly, the benevolent perverfe, and the cheerful difcontented, we might, by the aid of these accidental traits, draw an ideal of each emotion; and this would be a most valuable addition, and an important ftep in the progrefs of phyfiognomy."

Sect. 7. I once asked a friend, "How does it happen that artful and fubtle people always have one or both eyes rather closed?" "Because they are feeble," answered he. "Whoever faw ftrength and fubtlety united? The mistrust of others is meanness toward ourselves,"

Thefe are precious gleanings; but we must not wander too far. The phyfiognomonical anecdotes are often interesting; and the effay on temperaments is clear and pleafing, rather than deep or recondite: the author feems to refine too far, and to step on too fast without proper foundations. The temperaments may be infinitely varied; but fire and air has little to effect on either: each temperament is conftitutional, and depends more on the folids than the fluids. This, M. Lavater feems to have seen in part; for in his sketch' he has characterised them in this manner, and it is a striking instance of the triumph of obfervation over a preconceived hypothefis.

In the chapter on the figns of ftrength, M. Lavater diftin guishes, with strict propriety, between the paffive and active ftrength, or that which proceeds from a firm texture and compages of mufcles and bones, and that which is owing to quick active exertions. In this defcription, modern pugilifts will fix their eyes on Humphries and Mendoza, who anfwer well to our author's account of thefe different fpecies of strength; but for each to be perfect, fome activity must be joined to the one, and fome paffive ftrength to the other. In moderately fhort exertions the elaftic force will very generally conquer. The figns of disease follow; and our author calls Zimmerman to explain them more fully in his experience,' he has only traced the outline, and that with respect to acute difeafes. But the phyfician who can distinguish debility from marasmus, from hectic, from infarcted vifcera, from leucophlegmacy, from cancerous humours, or from excessive discharges, by the look of the countenance, should come forward. Each has its characteristic; and a good physician, who by the way lofes many opportunities of being useful if he is not also a good phyfiognomist, will readily diftinguish each kind. Among the ignorant, the eye muft often direct him to ask questions which the patient would never think of, and in judging of the effects of remedies it is often of more service than the ear.

The fragments on national phyfiognomy are excellent: we