precipice.' And this is a natural as well as a judicious reafon for writing fatire., Bad as the world is, it will grow worfe, if its enormities are not expofed, -Totos pande finus is certainly unfurl their whole extent: finus is a plait or fold of a garment, and used in this fenfe particularly by Virgil. It was probably a fea-term, analogous to our reefs. The next lines feem to us greatly weakened. Whence that rude plainnefs of our ancestors, which allowed them to write what they pleafed, while their minds burned with indignation; and to fay what I dare not hint at.' In Mr. Madan's conftruction, he makes Juvenal afraid to tell the name of a burning mind. Our author's explanation of line 157 is, we think, a happy one; yet media arena feems rather to limit the author's meaning to the place of combat; but the common interpretation of the criminal's making the furrow, by being forcibly dragged to the stake, is far-fetched and improbable. Deducis or deduces must be the proper reading in any view: our author, however, fhould have added a colon after tigellinum.

There is no reason for applying this paffage, as fome commentators have done, to the perfecution of the Chriftians under Nero; and it is not very probable, that the fanciful expreffion teda lucebis in illâ, related to Nero's executions, which he fuppofed to have called his torches. The stake might have metaphorically that name; and a modern Frenchman might tranflate it, vous ferez figure à la lanterne.

We fhall transcribe only a fhort fpecimen of our author's too literal tranflations;

The Tyrian rugs, and the female ceroma,

Who knows not? or who does not fee the wounds of the stake, Which the bollows with continual wooden-fwords, and provokes with the field?

And fills up all her parts; altogether a matron most worthy The Floralian trumpet; unlefs fhe may agitate fomething

more

In that breast of hers; and be prepared for the real theatre.
What modesty can an helmeted woman fhew,

Who deferts her fex, and loves feats of ftrength; yet she

herfelf

Would not become a man: for how little is our pleasure !'

The learned reader will find the original in the fixth Satire, 1. 245 to 263.

It is impoffible to mention one half of the paffages which have occurred that might furnish remark, either in elucidating the fatirift, where we can commend Mr. Madan, or where we differ from him. It is fufficient to have given fpecimens of his manner, which we have felected, either as they deferved attention, or as they fupported the opinion which

We

we had occafion to give. Even fhort passages, with their attendant notes, are not to be comprised within narrow limits, and we could not omit thofe parts in which the explanation was chiefly to be found. We ought, however, to add, in extenuation of a little harfhnefs, that it is no eafy tak to tranflate Juvenal in correfponding lines. We have tried it, with very indifferent fuccefs.

Perfius, the ufual attendant of Juvenal, is comprised also by Mr. Madan in these volumes, and tranflated in a fimilar way. But this young fatirift (he died at thirty) is lefs ardent, lefs impetuous, but we think more intricate than Juvenal, only in fome paffages which are fuppofed to be defignedly obfcure. It is known, that a line of one of his Satires, we believe the first, ran in this manner:

Auriculas afini Mida rex habet,'

which Cornutus was afraid would be applied to Nero, and injured the fenfe and the tenor of the paflage, by fubftituting * quis non habet.' On the whole, the milder and more correct Perfius comes nearer to Horace than to Juvenal, and diffects that folly with delicacy, which Juvenal mangles with his impetuous indignation. In many parts he inferts highly finished lines; and like Horace, in the first fatire of the fecond book, fhows, that if had not wifhed to reform the world he might have entertained and delighted it. There are not many paffages of this kind in the fatires of Horace: we do not recollect more than two, but the polished lines, in Perfius, are numerous. Annæus Lucanus might well fay, that they are really poems. We fufpected, from Mr. Madan's tranflation of this paffage (they were abfolute poems') that he meant finished poetry; but the author of the Pharfalia is faid to have pronounced them vere effe poemata,' in the Scholiaft which now lies before us. We need not felect any specimen. In the tranflation of Perfius, Mr. Madan is in general very accurate; but this method of rendering lineam lineâ, verbum verbo,' though it may procure the author the title of fidus interpres," renders his work unpleafing to general readers, while we cannot allow it to be useful in the fchool. Those who with, with little trouble, to recover their knowledge of Latin, or to be acquainted with fome of the cuftoms of Rome in her degenerate days, will find, in these volumes, fome advantageous affifiance.

Silva Critica: five in Auctores Sacros Profanofque Commentarius Philologus: concinnavit Gilbertus Wakefield, A. B. 8vo. 35. 6d. in boards. Deighton.

WE have wandered with our author, in many cheerless mo

ments, for this volume has been long before us, through his pleasing foreft, where every tree afforded a place of rest, an agreeable profpect and interesting amufement. In thefe rambles, we fometimes found our author a little fevere; he appeared occasionally fanciful; and, in fome inftances, to have poffeffed a truly Bentleian refinement, yet we feldom left one fpot, without feeling the mind improved and entertained: even the harsh collifions of our author would elicit sparks.

Sacred criticifm is blended, in this commentary, with remarks on the claffical writers, and each is elucidated by conjectural emendations, drawn from history, analogy, and an attention to the fcope and tenour of the author. We have faid, that we do not greatly approve of the emendation applied to the facred writings; but, while they are conducted with fo much caution and moderation, as Mr. Wakefield difplays, we cannot object to it. We fhall extract a few fpecimens of our author's corrections; and we shall select those which are generally interefting and which may furnish fome obfervations.

It is not to give an unfavourable impreffion of Mr. Wakefield's work, that in the firt inftance, we are compelled to differ from him; but it is the first part, fuited to our limits, that we had marked for a quotation.

Virg. Æn. ix. 435. edit. Mafvicii.

Purpureus veluti cùm flos fuccifus aratro

Languefcit moriens; LASSOve papavera collo

Demijere caput, pluviâ cùm fortè gravantur.

• Varietas lectionis eft in hoc loco-lafo-laxo-lapfo: quarum nulla quidèm videtur contemnenda, et temerè repudianda nullam autèm genuinam judico. Dedit fcilicèt limatiffimus poeta, et Græcarum elegantiarum fervantiffimus,

·LESOvo papavera collo. Pari venuftate nofter vii. 808.

• Illa vel intacte fegetis per fumma volaret

Gramina, nec teneras curfu LÆSISSET ariftas.

Et eadem reftitutio mihi prorsùs neceffaria videtur ad En.

vi. 310. ne bis idem dicendi ignominiâ notetur Maro:

Quam multa in filvis autumni frigore primo

LASA cadunt folia.

Et Ovid. Paft. v. 321.

• Florebant oleæ ; venti nocuere protervi ;

Florebant fegetes; grandine LÆSA Ceres.'

This is one of the few paflages, where Mr. Wakefield's

con

conjecture is not happy. Laffo, the word in the best manufcripts, is fingularly defcriptive of the corn-poppy, bent down with rain—'a wearied neck' and all the collateral paffages, adduced, do not appear to us applicable. In the first inftance, læfiffet ariftas, the meaning is not 'bent' but injured the beards. Varro, in his defcription of the different parts of an ear of corn (Re Ruftica, lib. i. cap. 48) gives this interpretation of ariftæ, and Virgil was too good a naturalift not to be precife in the ufe of terms, or to fuppofe that what was brittle might be bent. In the fecond paffage the force of the fimile requires us to read lapfa and not læfa, for the leaves are 'fallen' not injured. The paffage from Ovid is alfo of ne great importance for the fame reafon; but, if it was more in point, we should be unwilling to correct Virgil, on the authority of fo careless a writer as Ovid.

Hæc præferunt et codd. et libb. editi ad 1 Tim. vi, 19.

• Αποθησαυριζοντας ἑαυλος θεμελιον καλον εἰς τὸ μελλον, ἵνα επιλα Φωνίας της αιώνιας ζωής.

• Confentiunt huic lectioni vetuftæ verfiones, adeò ut ab ipfis Evangelii incunabulis inoleviffe videtur foediffima depravatio. Fidentèr fententiam pronunciamus: non enim Paulum Tarfenfem tam negligentèr, tam nullo judicio, perlegimus, quin benè compertum habeamus, non adeò incuriofum orationis fuiffe fuæ, ut his fordibus paginas fanctiffimas inquinaverit. Vetat hoc tum nota hominis elegantia, tum verum de illo magni rhetoris judicium. Quis igitur, cui vel tantillum venuftatis inerat, unquàm dixit-9perior adverse? Dictum planè portentofum eft, et furcâ pro meritis expellendum. Olim conjeceram, cum ulnis matris meæ Cantabrigie primùm geftarer-Αποθησαυριζονίας ἑαυτοις ΘΕΜΑ ΛΙΑΝ ΚΑΛΟΝ: quam conjecturam ob id pofteà rejeci, quòd non fûm mihi occurrerat vocis Sua vel unicum exemplum; fed uberior lectio fecit, ut in gratiam redirem cum emendatione omnium veriffimâ feliciflimaque. Locum inveni planè gemellum apud Tobit iv. 9. quem procul dubio refpexit Paulus :-μη φοβε ποιείν ελεημοσύνην. ΘΕΜΑ γαρ ΑΓΑΘΟΝ ΘΗΣΑΥΡΙΖΕΣ σεαύλῳ εις ήμεραν ανάγκης .

Vocem Sua habet Etym. M. et Hefycaius, cujus tamèn gloffe his locis vix conveniunt: et Sirachides xxx. 18. Et Ignatius in Epift. ad Polycarp. Sect. 2. et alii. Sed ad Apoftoli mentem illuftrandam maximo ufui eft Plutarchi locus v. ii. p.

116.

• Ου δεν δυσφορείν, εαν ο εχρησαν ἡμῖν θεοι προ ολίγον, ταυλα απο αίωσιν· εδή γαρ οι τραπεζίται απαλυμένοι τα ΘΕΜΑΤΑ. Εχεμεν γαρ το ζην, ώσπες ΠΑΡΑΚΑΤΑΘΕΜΕΝΟΙΣ θεοις.

• Ut optime conveniunt in ethnico θεμαλα et παρακαταθέμενοις, Irdet in facro fcriptore θεμα et παρακαταθήκην. Non igitur nos critici arguendi fumus impietatis, aut etiàm temeritatis, fi eluendis quoque fanctorum librorum maculis manum peritam cautamque adhibeamus.

Nedum fermonum ftet bonos et gratia vivax.'

We have felected this fection, as a question merely philological, where we think conjectural emendation may be safely allowed. Mr. Wakefield has undoubtedly found in Tobit, the paffage (we perceive it also referred to by Dr. Mill) to which the apostle alludes. Though to lay up a foundation in a metaphorical fenfe, may not be abfurd in English, yet axoθησαυρίζειν θεμέλιο» is completely fo, in the Greek.

The following fection we shall tranfcribe without a com

ment.

• Elai. vi. 2. Και Σεραφίμ εισήκεισαν κυκλῳ αὐτς, ἐξ πλέρυγες του ἕνι, καὶ ἐξ πλέρυγες τῷ ἐνι και ταις μον δυσι κατεκαλυπίον το πρόσωπον -LXX.

Hæ fcilicèt duæ priores alæ fuerunt irealios, defub auribus provenientes in faciem. Hinc Pindarus emendandus eft: • Ανδρας ΠΤΕΡΟΙΣΙΝ ΩΤΑ πε

Φρικολας αμφω πος λυρεοις : Pyth. iv, Ep. 8.

· Ωτα, ακοαι, wha: Hefych.-Eâdem medicinâ fanandus eft Apoll. Rhod. i. 221.

6 αμι Δ' Ν ΩΤΟΙΣ

Κρααα εξ ύπαλοιο και αυχενα είθα και ενθα
Κυανεαι δονεοντο μέλα ποιησιν εθείραι.

Hoc probat Orph. Arg. 219. Ed. Steph.

• Οι δη και ΤΑΡΣΟΙΣΙΝ ΥΠΟΥΑΤΙΟΣ πεπηλία

Ζήλης Καλαις.

v. Sil. It. vii. 257. et ibi Drakenborchium.

Hoc errore fe cum aliis ludificari paffus eft poetarum doctiffimus et excelfiffimus, Paradifi ameffe fcriptor, L. v. v, 273. A Seraph swing'd: fix Wings he wore, to fhade

His Lineaments divine; the Pair, that clad

EACH SHOULDER broad, came mantling o'er his Breaft
With regal Ornament.'

In the emendations of Horace, we think our author dif covers the refinements of Bentley and Warburton. Many of our readers will probably not agree with Mr. Wakefield in the following remarks.

Horat. Od. ii. 3. 13.

Huc vina, et unguenta, et niniùm breves
Flores amana FERRE JUBE rofæ :

i. e. fi omnes, quotquot funt, interpretes audire velisjube FERRI: quod prorsùs refpuit et averfatur ipfa proprietas linguæ ratio. Nec tamen verba, ut nunc exhibentur, aliam admittunt interpretationem. Ergò librarii funt in culpâ ; nifi fortafsè pocta nofter, fummus & maxime curiofus difcendi artilex, nefciret Latinè loqui: quod nemo dixerit.

6

Epitheton porio-AMOEN rofa-vah! quàm friget; nec judicium Flacci vel tantillum fapit.—Puerum fcilicèt ejus pro

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