in honour of their benefactor. Over the gate-way is a fpire and a clock, and the corners of the building are ornamented with turrets. The windows, in number two hundred, are alfo ornamented with curious devices, all which are different from each other, and in fculpture remarkably well executed. The fubjects confift of texts of fcripture, ornaments of foliage, with figures of the inftruments used in the trade of the founder. Under his ftatue is a Latin infcription, fignifying that his perfon was reprefented by that image, as his mind was by the furrounding foundation.

Our inquifitive antiquary next leads us to Trinity church, which ftands in the hollow between the north bridge and the Caltowne burial ground. It was founded in the year 1462, by Mary of Gueldres, queen of James II. and dedicated to the Holy Trinity. The queen was interred in the north aisle; and her arms, quartered with thofe of the Isle of Man and Scotland, are engraved on the fouth buttress.

According to the endowment of the foundrefs, the chapter was to confist of a provoft, eight prebendaries, and two chorifters, who all had feparate provifions. Our author observes, that fome of the rules laid down in the charter of this foundation do not convey a very exalted idea of either the morality or learning of the clergy of thofe times; it being therein provided, that no prebendary should be instituted, unless he could read and fing plainly, and understood arithmetic; and that if any prebendary should keep a concubine or fire-maker, and fhould not difmifs her after being thrice admonished to that purpose by the provost, his prebend should be adjudged va

cant.

The whole of the intended building was never completed; the part delineated in the work being only the choir, transept, and central tower. At the Reformation, the regent Murray bestowed this collegiate church and its revenues on fir Simon Preston, who generously gave them in benefaction to the towncouncil of Edinburgh, to ferve as a place of worship for the citizens; fince which time it has been commonly called the College Kirk. The view of this edifice was taken from the fouth-west, and shows the Caltowne burial ground, with the monument of Mr. Hume the historian.

Paffing over the account of the chapel of St. Roque, and the Wryte's houses, which afford nothing interefting, we attend our author to St. Anthony's Chapel, formerly annexed to an adjacent hermitage. It fands in an elevated fituation in the park of Holyrood-house, on the north fide of Arthur's feat; and commands a view over the town of Leith, the Frith of Forth, and the county of Fife. This ftation, our author 8 thinks

thinks with great probability, was chofen with the intention of attracting the notice of feamen coming up that Frith; who in cafes of danger might be induced to make vows to its tutelar faint. Such hermitages, he adds, were very common on the fea-coafts, or near dangerous paffes on rivers; and of this he gives feveral inftances.

The general patron or tutelar faint of thefe hermitages (fays he) was St. Anthony. The Roman calendar has two faints of that name; one denominated of Padua, remarkable for his fermon to the birds and fishes; which fermon is preserved in Addison's Travels. But the patron of this chapel is ftyled St. Anthony the Hermit, who conftantly refided in the defert; was by profeffion a fwine-herd, famous for curing the eryfipelas, from him called St. Anthony's fire; but most known from his temptations, fo ludicrously reprefented by poets, painters, and engravers; among the two latter, by thofe celebrated artists Breughel, Teniers, and Cullot. This faint is always reprefented as accompanied by a hog with a bell round his neck; fometimes the bell is tied to the girdle of the faint, fuppofed for the purpose of calling his grunting favourite. The feal of the convent in Leith, dedicated to this faint, is preferved in the Advocate's library in Edinburgh, and anfwers this description pretty exactly. It bears the figure of St. Anthony in a hermit's mantle, with a book in one hand and a staff in the other; and at his foot a fow with a bell about her neck. Over his head there is a capital T, which it seems the brethren wore in blue cloth upon their black gowns. Round the feal there is this infcription: "S. Commune Preceptoria Sancti Anthonii prope Leicht."

This chapel was a beautiful Gothic building; forty-three feet long, eighteen broad, and eighteen high. At the weft end there was a tower nineteen feet fquare, and supposed to have been originally about forty feet high. A handsome stone feat projected from the eastern end; but the whole has been greatly dilapidated within the memory of perfons now living. By whom, or at what time this chapel was built is not known.

At a fmall diftance fouth-east of the chapel stands part of the cell of this hermitage, which was partly of masonry worked upon the natural rock. At the east end there are two niches remaining; in one of which formerly ftood a skull, a book, an hour-glafs, and a lamp, which, with a mat for a bed, compofed the ufual furniture of a hermitage. The dimenfions of this building were fixteen feet in length, twelve in breadth, and eight in height.

Near the foot of the rock on which this venerable and pictorefque ruin is fituated, flowed a copious and pure ftream, celebrated in an old Scottish ballad,

Reftalrig

Reftalrig church ftands in a flat, or rather hollow, about a mile east of Edinburgh. It was a collegiate church founded by James III. in honour of the Trinity, and is faid to have been endowed by the two next fucceeding monarchs. At the Reformation, this church was ordered by the general affembly to be demolished, as a monument of idolatry. The eaft window, however, and part of the walls are still remaining; and from thefe it appears to have been a very plain building. In the church-yard is a vaulted maufoleum of a polygonal figure, formerly the burial place of the family of Logan of Reftalrig. The cemetery round this church is chiefly used as a buryingplace for the English, and likewife for the Scots of the epifcopal communion.

Our course is next directed to Rofiín chapel, otherwife called the chapel amidst the woods, fituated in the shire of Mid-Lothian, about four miles fouth of Edinburgh. It stands on a rifing ground named the College Hill, beautifully decorated with wood and water, the river Efk running in a deep rocky bed on its west and fouth fronts. This chapel was erected in the year 1446 by William St. Clair, or Sinclair, prince of Orkney, duke of Holdenbourg, and earl of Caithness. It was dedicated to St. Matthew the Evangelift, and founded for a provost, fix prebendaries, and two finging boys; for whose maintenance it was endowed by the founder with the church-lands of Pentland, and fome adjoining meadows. The founder of the chapel dying before the building was finished, it was carried on and completed by fir Oliver Sinclair of Rollin, his eldest fon of the fecond marriage.

The following tale (fays our author) is related refpecting part of this building: the mafter mafon of this chapel meeting with fome difficulties in the execution of the defign, found it neceffary to go to Rome for information, during which time his apprentice carried on the work, and even executed some parts, concerning which his mafter had been moft doubtful, particularly a fine fluted column or pillar near the high altar, orna mented with wreaths of foliage and flowers in alto relievo, twisting fpirally round it. The mafter on his return, ftung with envy at this proof of the fuperior abilities of his apprentice, flew him by a blov on his head with a mason's hammer. In fupport of this ftory, the ciceroni of the place fhew not only the column called the apprentice's pillar, but feveral other heads, fupporting brackets in the wall, faid to be the heads of the parties: one is called the master's, another that of the apprentice, whose wound is marked with red oker; and the head of a weeping woman is faid to reprefent the mother. Most certainly this is all fiction: the head pointed out for that of the apprentice, exhibits a bearded old man. Similar stories are told of different buildings.'

The height of the chapel within, from the floor to the top of the arched roof, is forty feet eight inches, breadth thirtyfour feet eight inches, and the length fixty-eight feet. At the fouth-east corner there is a defcent by a flight of twenty fteps into a crypt or chapel, partly fubterraneous, and lighted by a fingle window. The height is fifteen feet, breadth foorteen, and length thirty-fix. This chapel is profufely decorated with fculpture both within and without. The infide is divided into a middle and two fide aifles, by feven columns on each fide, fupporting pointed arches; and over them in the middle aifle, which is higher than those on each fide, is a row of windows. The roof, the capitals, key-ftones, and architraves, are all covered with fculpture, reprefenting flowers, foliage, paffages of facred hiftory, texts of fcripture, and grotefque figures; all executed with an astonishing neatness. The apprentice's pillar, before mentioned, has on its bafe a number of dragons and other monsters. Here were formerly feveral monuments, of which our author mentions two as remarkable.

The caftle of Roflin ftands in the vicinity of the chapel; but by whom it was erected is uncertain. About the year 1100, William de Sancto Clero, son of Waldernus comte de St. Clair, who came into England with William the Conqueror, obtained from king Malcolm Canmore a great part of the lands of the barony of Roflin; and as the building of caftles was then much in vogue, our author thinks it is probable that fome castle may have been built about this time, but not the prefent one; great part, at least, of which, from its style, appears to be of more modern date. It ftands on an almoft infulated rock, in a delightful glen or valley on the north fide of the river Esk, which runs through a deep rocky bed, wooded down to the water's edge. Its fituation, our author observes, though inconceivably romantic and pleasant, is very ill chofen for a castle, being commanded by hills on both fides of the river, whence one may look down the tops of its chimneys. The access to the castle is on the east fide, by means of an arch over a deep gulley, and through a gate which had formerly been very strong. In this caftle, William St. Clair, the founder of Roflin chapel, is faid to have lived in great state. The garden belonging to it is famous for the production of ftrawberries, as are the environs of the place for three victories gained by the Scots over the English in one day, the latter end of February, 1302.

Craig Miller caftle, once a royal fortrefs, is fituated on an eminence, three miles fouth of Edinburgh; but both its builder, and the time of its erection are unknown. It confifts

of

of a fquare keep or tower, feveral ftories high, encompaffed by a fquare machicollated wall, flanked by four circular towers, one on each angle, and again enclosed by an outer wall. The barnekin, or rampart wall, is thirty feet high, with turrets and parapets. On the principal gate is the date, 1427; but whether this is meant to record the time that part was built, or only a repair, is uncertain. It contains a num、 ber of apartments; the hall is large and well lighted, confidering the mode of ancient times; has a femicircular cieling, and measures in length thirty-fix feet, in breadth twenty-two; and at the east end has a chimney eleven feet wide. cent of the keep is by an eafy flight of very broad ftone stairs. There is a variety of armorial bearings fpread over the outfide of this building. The apartment fhewn as queen Mary's, is in one of the upper turrets; it measures only five feet in breadth and feven in length; with two windows, however, and a fire-place. It is remarkable, our author observes, that among the many rooms fhewn as having been occupied by this unhappy queen, as well in England as Scotland, most of them are fuch as a fervant would now almost refuse to lodge in.

The af

Among the antiquities of Mid-Lothian, was the Crofs of Edinburgh, of which, though now removed, our author gives an accurate defcription. It was of that kind of mixed architecture, partly Gothic and partly Grecian, which came into fashion about the latter end of queen Elizabeth's reign. Four of the fculptured heads which were over the arches, are preserved in the tower built at Deanhaugh by Mr. Walter Rofs, writer to the fignet; and the pillar is erected in lord Somerville's park, in the neighbourhood of Edinburgh.

Crighton Caftle ftands about ten miles fouth-east of Edinburgh, on the edge of a bank above a graffy glen. It was the habitation of the chancellor Crighton, or Crichton, joint guardian with the earl of Callendar of James II. a powerful and fpirited statefman. During the life-time of Crighton it was taken and levelled with the ground, by William, earl of Douglas, after a fiege of nine months. It was rebuilt, and fome part which appears more modern than the reft, with much elegance.

Hawthornden is a small caftellated manfion, fituated on a high projecting rock overhanging the river of North Esk, about two miles below Roflin Caftle. This building confifts of a fquare-vaulted tower, with walls of great thickness, calculated to serve as an asylum in the time of public commotions. It is now in ruins; and in the upper ftory there is growing a fycamore tree, of a confiderable fize. At what time, and by whom this tower was built, is uncertain. The first time it VOL. LXIX. June, 1790.

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