was placed under the control of the Librarian of Congress; by the act of February 19, 1897 (29 Stat. 545), the copyright department (now Copyright Office) was created within the Library under a Register of Copyrights, appointed by the Librarian and respon

sible to him.

The Library is mainly supported by the appropriations of Congress on the basis of estimates made by the Librarian. Apart from the appropriations of Congress, the Library has the use of

the income from funds received from foundations and private sources and administered by the Library of Congress Trust Fund Board; it has the use also of gifts of money presented for direct application (act of March 3, 1925, as amended by acts of January 27, 1926, April 13, 1936, June 23, 1936, June 25, 1936, and October 2, 1942; 43 Stat. 1107-08; 44 Stat. 2; 49 Stat. 1205; 49 Stat. 1894; 49 Stat. 1921; 56 Stat. 765; 2 U. S. C. 154163).

PURPOSE. Under the organic law, the Library is, as its name implies, the Library of Congress. As such, in all its departments and as a whole, it is primarily for the service of Congress. One department, the Legislative Reference Service, functions exclusively for the legislative branch of the Government. As the Library has developed, its range of service has come to include the entire governmental establishment in all its branches and the public at large, so that it has become, in effect, a national service library for the United States.

ice, Processing Department, and Reference Department-the Law Librarian, the Register of Copyrights, and the Assistant Librarian for the American Collections. Within each department are the several divisions, the operations of which are administered by division chiefs responsible to the departmental heads. The structure of the Library is shown in the organization chart which appears on page 606.

The buildings and grounds are administered by the Chief of the Buildings and Grounds Division. All structural work on the buildings and the operation of the mechanical plant are, however, under the general jurisdiction of the Architect of the Capitol.

The Bindery and Printing Office maintained in the Library buildings are branches of the Government Printing Office.

The Library has seven endowed chairs (Music, Fine Arts, American History, Aeronautics, Geography, Latin American Studies, and Poetry in English), some of which are held by the chiefs of corresponding divisions. It has also the services of a group of specialists ("consultants," "honorary consultants," and "fellows of the Library of Congress"), whose association with the Library is either voluntary or is made possible by gifts from nongovernmental sources and who are without administrative responsibility. These specialists assist in the systematic development of the collections, furnish expert counsel in specialized fields of knowledge, and serve as liaison between the Library and investigators pursuing intensive research. For the latter, special facilities are provided both in the Main Building and in the Library Annex.

COLLECTIONS.-The Library's extensive collections, totaling more than 33,000,000 items, are universal in scope. They include more than 10,000,000 books and pamphlets on every subject and in a multitude of languages.

Among them are the most comprehensive collections of Chinese, Japanese, and Russian books outside the Orient and the Soviet Union; about a million volumes relating to science and an equal number of legal materials, especially on American and British law; the world's largest collection of published aeronautical literature; and the most extensive collection of incunabula in the United States.

The manuscript collections, totaling more than 14,000,000 items, relate to manifold aspects of American history and civilization and include the personal papers of most of the Presidents from George Washington through Calvin Coolidge. The music collections contain more than 2,000,000 volumes and pieces, manuscript and published, from classic works to the newest popular compositions. Other materials available for research include about 2,500,000 maps and views and a like number of photographic items from Mathew Brady to date; 500,000 recordings, including folksongs and other music, speeches, and poetry readings; 600,000 fine prints; and newspapers and periodicals from all over the world, motion pictures, microfilms, and many other kinds of materials.

ACTIVITIES

All matters relating to procuring of library material and making it useful to Congress, the governmental establishment generally, and the public at large, are within the scope of activity of the Library.

FREE USE OF LIBRARY FOR REFER

ENCE. For the purposes of reference, the use of the Library is free without introduction or credential to any adult inquirer from any place. Although some of this reference work is carried on by correspondence, priority must be given to service to Congress and the other branches of the Federal Govern

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ment. The Library is therefore compelled to decline most correspondents' requests and suggest that some library within the correspondents' reach can provide satisfactory assistance. The Library gives priority to inquiries pertaining to its holdings of special materials or to subjects in which its resources are unique.

EXTENSION OF SERVICE. The Library extends its service through (1) an interlibrary loan system; (2) the photoduplication, at reasonable cost, subject to conditions of law, copyright, and deposit, of books, manuscripts, maps, newspapers, and prints in its collections, and the sale of sound recordings, which are released by its Recording Laboratory; (3) the exchange of duplicates with other institutions; (4) the sale of printed catalog cards and the publication in book form of cumulative catalogs, which make available the results of the expert bibliographical and cataloging work of its trained personnel; (5) a cooperative cataloging and classification service which, working in conjunction with other libraries, assists in the preparation of catalog entries for books not in the Library of Congress and in the preparation of analytical entries for the serial publications of learned societies and institutions; (6) the development of a scientific. scheme of classification and cataloging embracing the entire field of printed matter; (7) the preparation of bibliographical lists responsive to the needs of Government and research; (8) the maintenance of a National Union Catalog (containing over 12,000,000 cards for many of the more important books in the major American libraries); (9) the publication of catalogs, bibliographical guides, and lists, and of texts of original manuscripts and rare books in the Library of Congress; and (10) the provision of books in raised type and "talking book" records for the

blind through 28 regional libraries throughout the United States.

At the center of a group of libraries, governmental and other, and in touch with experts in the various bureaus of the Government, the Library of Congress serves as a bureau of information

in all matters involving the serious use of books, periodicals, and allied materials.

Approved.

L. QUINCY MUMFORD, Librarian of Congress.

termine the impact of Federal aid programs at the State and local level and has organized study committees to investigate and report to the Commission on specific Federal aid programs

and other intergovernmental relationships. Approved.

MEYER KESTNBAUM,

Chairman.

CREATION AND AUTHORITY.-The Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government was established by the act approved July 10, 1953 (67 Stat. 142; 5 U. S. C. 138a-138j note), as amended by the act approved May 23, 1955 (Public Law 41, 84th Cong., 69 Stat. 64). The Commission is composed of 12 members as follows: 4 appointed by the President of the United States, 2 from the executive branch of the Government and 2 from private life; 4 appointed by the President of the Senate, 2 from the Senate and 2 from private life; and 4 appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, 2 from the House of Representatives and 2 from private lift. The act, as amended, provides that the Commission shall submit its

HERBERT BROWNELL, JR. ARTHUR S. FLEMMING.

SOLOMON C. HOLLISTER. ROBERT G. STOREY.

JOSEPH P. KENNEDY. SIDNEY A. Mitchell.

HERBERT HOOVER. JOHN B. HOLLISTER. W. HALLAM TUCK. LAWRENCE Richey. FRANCIS P. BRASSOR. NEIL MACNEIL. HAROLD METZ. HENRY G. WOOD.

final report to Congress not later than June 30, 1955. It further provides for a liquidation period of 90 days.

PURPOSE. The Commission was established to carry out the policy of the Congress to promote economy, efficiency, and improved service in the transaction of the public business in the departments, bureaus, agencies, boards, commissions, offices, independent establishments, and instrumentalities of the executive branch of the Government by: recommending methods and procedures for reducing expenditures to the lowest amount consistent with the efficient performance of essential services, activities, and functions; eliminating duplication and overlapping of services, activities, and functions; consolidating services, activities, and func