The Administrative Office of the United States Courts was created by act of Congress approved August 7, 1939 (53 Stat. 1223-25; 28 U. S. C. 601). The Office was established November 6, 1939. The Director and the Assistant Director are appointed by the Supreme Court of the United States.

The Director is the administrative officer of the United States courts (except the Supreme Court). Under the supervision and direction of the Judicial Conference of the United States he is required to:

1. Supervise all administrative matters relating to the offices of clerks and other clerical and administrative personnel of the courts.

2. Examine the state of the dockets of the courts; secure information as to the courts' need of assistance; prepare and transmit quarterly to the chief judges of the circuits, statistical data and reports as to the business of the

courts.

3. Submit to the annual meeting of the Judicial Conference of the United States, at least 2 weeks prior thereto, a report of the activities of the Administrative Office and the state of the business of the courts, together with the

HENRY P. CHANDLER. ELMORE WHITEHURST. LELAND L. TOLMAN.

required statistical data submitted to the chief judges of the circuits, and the Director's recommendations, which report, data, and recommendations shall be public documents.

4. Submit to Congress and the Attorney General copies of the report, data, and recommendations as required.

5. Fix the compensation of clerks of court, deputies, librarians, and other employees of the courts whose compensation is not otherwise fixed by law.

6. Determine and pay necessary office expenses of courts, judges, and those court officials whose expenses are by law allowable, and the lawful fees of United States commissioners.

7. Regulate and pay necessary travel and subsistence expenses incurred by judges, court officers and employees, and officers and employees of the Administrative Office, while absent from their official stations on official business.

8. Disburse, directly or through the several United States marshals, moneys appropriated for the maintenance and operation of the courts.

9. Purchase, exchange, transfer, distribute, and assign the custody of law

books, equipment, and supplies needed for the maintenance and operation of the courts and the Administrative Office and the offices of United States commissioners.

10. Audit vouchers and accounts of the courts and their clerical and administrative personnel.

11. Provide accommodations for the courts and their clerical and administrative personnel.

12. Perform such other duties as may be assigned to him by the Supreme Court or the Judicial Conference of the United States.

The Director is also responsible for the preparation and submission of the budget of the courts, except the budget of the Supreme Court.

The Administrative Office exercises general supervision of the accounts and practices of the Federal probation officers, subject to the primary control by the respective district courts which they serve. The Office publishes quarterly, in cooperation with the Bureau of Prisons of the Department of Justice, a magazine entitled "Federal Probation," which is a journal "of correctional philosophy and practice."

Through the Bankruptcy Division, the Administrative Office, subject to the immediate control of the district courts, is charged with the responsibility of supervising the administration of the Bankruptcy Act by all officers of the bankruptcy courts, including the referees in bankruptcy.

337628°-55———5

EXECUTIVE BRANCH

The President of the United States__

*

*

Article II, section 1, of the Constitution provides that "the executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, * together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term * * "In addition to the powers set forth in the Constitution, the statutes have conferred upon the President specific authority and responsibility covering a wide range of matters (United States Code Index).

The President is the administrative head of the executive branch of the Government, which includes numerous agencies, both temporary and permanent, as well as the ten executive departments. The heads of the ten

DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER.

executive departments form the Cabinet and serve in an advisory capacity to the President. They are the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Defense, the Attorney General, the Postmaster General, the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Labor, and the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. By invitation of the President, the American Ambassador to the United Nations, the Director of the Foreign Operations Administration, the Director of the Office of Defense Mobilization, the Director of the Budget, the Chairman of the Civil Service Commission, and The Assistant to the President also attend Cabinet meetings.