POLLOCK. Pollock, Sir Frederick, his proposals for uniting the States of the Empire, 206, 14-16-'Frederic William Maitland,' 401-History of English Law before the time of Edward I,' 412; 217, 423-on the organisation of the Colonial Conference, 206, 512—' Spinoza,' 217, 390. Polyákoff, M., Commander of Gendarmes, his report of Podgorechani, 205, 605. POPULAR. eration of voluntary and legal relief agencies, 561-multiplication of authorities, 562-the Minority Report and State responsibility, 563— expert management, 565 contributary insurance, 566-mobility of labour, 567-labour exchanges, 569 -artificial relief works, ib. Poor Law Commissioners' report, extract from, 217, 50-52, 57-cost of the Royal Commission, 221, 71. Pomeroy, E., By the People,' 212, Poor, What the, Want, 212, 152— 538. Pompeii, the frescoes of, 210, 436, Poole, R. L., 'The Political History of England,' edited by, 216, 308. -, Tom, his social reforms in Somerset, 209, 99. Poona, the centre of the insurrectionary movement, 209, 220. Poor Law, administration, 202, 624– history, 625-Amendment Act, 626, 631; 211, 268. 204, 18. officials, demands of the, the, and the Unemployed, 204, 228. See Unemployed. Act of 1834, 208, 325; 209, 145; 218, 219-result of the system, 209, 148. The Reform of the, 210, 552-the Reports of the Royal Commission, ib.-distinction between the Majority and the Minority Reports, 533-condemnation of the present system, 554-causes of abuses, 555-depauperisation, 556-principles of 1834 ignored, 557--administration the difficulty, 558-private charity, 559-co-op increase of public interest in, 153– 157-works on, 153, 156, 165-disadvantages, 157-diversity of attitudes towards, 158-161—definition of the term 'the poor,' 162-differences between the poor and notpoor, 163-mental and moral characteristics, 164-167-illogicality, 167-the weighing-up method, 168 —‘the courage to live,' 169-characteristic of fear, ib.-result of the Licensing Bill, 170-interference with their home life, 171-method of dealing with them, 172-their wisdom, ib.-views on education, 174-the case of defectives, 175different types of education, ib.distinction between economic and social reform, 176 improved housing, 177—result of the Children's Act, ib.-defects of the system of inspection, 178-tendency towards a Nationalism founded on respect for the poor, 179. Pope, Alexander, character of his letters, 204, 408-Life of, 208, 94his lyrical poetry, 210, 418—' Essay on Man,' 212, 565-his project of an English literary history, 216, 354-friendship with Swift, 218, 57. Popham, Sir John, on the approach of the Spanish Armada, 209, 94. Popular Governments, The Study of, 203, 170, 387. See Governments. PORRITT. Porritt, E., Sixty Years of Protec tion in Canada,' 209, 186, 188 The United States Steel Corporation,' 216, 177— British Preference in Canada,' 218, 168. Port Arthur, siege of, 202, 293surrender, 295. Sunlight, industrial village of, 216, 495. Portal, Sir Gerald, Consul-General at Porter, G. B., 'Progress of the Nation,' Jane, Scottish Chiefs,' 206, 50. ,R. P., "The Dangers of Municipal Trading,' 209, 409. Portland, Duke of, his collection of Swift's letters, 218, 53-appointed Portman, Lord, on foxhunting, 206, Porto Pozzo or the 'Pit,' 202, 365, 368. Portrait-painting, ascendency of, 205, 130. Portsmouth, construction of a new lock at, 209, 495. Peace of, 211, 579. POTTER. Post Office Savings Banks, amount due to depositors, 208, 546. Postage Stamp, The, and Its History, 218, 392-institution of the billets de port payé in Paris, ib.— the petite poste, 393-Sir R. Hill's invention of the adhesive postage stamp, 394-design, 396-issue of the black penny stamp, ib.—W. Mulready's design for 'covers and envelopes,' 396-398-issue of plain envelopes with an embossed stamp, 398-change in colour, 399, 400— perforation, 399-method of surface-printing, ib.-use of doublyfugitive ink, 400-character of the Edwardian and King George series, ib. defensive measures, 401-economy of production, ib.— manufacture transferred to the Post Office, 402-stamps of other countries, 402-406-collections, 403, 407--Potiquet's Catalogue, 403 -stamp mania,' 407-establishment of Philatelic Societies, ib.— Exhibitions, 408, 409-the Tapling collection, 408-King George V's paper in 'The Postal Issues,' 409— his collection, ib.-value of rare stamps, 410-sale of collections, 411- Catalogue of the Philatelic Library of the Earl of Crawford,' 412. Treaty of, 203, 605-terms of Postgate, J. P., 'P. Ovidii Nasonis peace, 605-607. Opera,' edited by, 210, 455. Water Act, 207, 392. Portugal, explorations in Africa, 204, Potala, or palace of the Grand Lama of Tibet, 203, 210, 213. 47. POULTON. : Poulton, E. B., Darwin and his breeding of show-birds, 132-134merits of utility poultry, 134invention of the trap register or recording-nest, 136-price of eggs, 136, 141-management on farms, 137-advantages to farmers, 138profitable feeding, ib.-amount of eggs and poultry imported, 139– 'new-laid' eggs, ib.-supply of English, 140—American 'poultryplants,' 142-duckling 'ranch,' 143. Poultry Organisation Society, sale of eggs, 209, 309. 6 Elmer Ellsworth, 'Spinoza and Powles, A. H., his translation of PREFERENCE. of truth,' 401-'meaning lies in application,' 402-objective truth, 404-406-results, 406, 407. Pragmatism, meaning of the term, 220, 366. Prague, struggle between Slav and German, 210, 656-under martial law, ib. Neo-Slav conference, 657. Pratolino Villa, 207, 499-quaint devices in the garden, 500. Pratt, Edwin A., 'The Organisation of Agriculture,' 202, 264; 207,229; 209, 303-on the restrictive action of trade-unionism, 204, 486— Transition in Agriculture,' 207, 229, 235; 209, 319-' British Canals,' 207, 386 note; 213, 101— 'Licensing and Temperance,' 208, 573-Railways and Nationalisation,' 211, 638. Predelli, R., 'Libri Commemoriali,' edited by, 206, 97. Preference: The Colonial View, 202, 546. I. CANADA, ib.—the first protective tariff, 547-Mr Gladstone'sremonstrance, 548-Reciprocity treaty with the United States, 549-the tariff of 1858, 550-protest of Mr Galt against home interference, ib.-protective tariffs, 550, 551-percentage of duty on dutiable imports, 552-resolutions of colonial conferences, 553-revolutions of Parliament, 554, 557—views of Ministers, 555, 556-resolution of the Chambers of Commerce of the Empire, 558-statistics of trade, 560-difficulty of reconciling Preference with Free Trade in Great Britain, 562-the question of continuity, 563-alterations of the tariff, 564-summary effects, ib. II. AUSTRALIA, 565-attitude of members of Parliament, 565-569, 571-resolutions, 568-defeat of the principle of Preference, 569— attitude of electors, 569, 572–574 R PREFERENCE. -attitude of the Labour members, 570, 572, 578-views of Protectionists, 574-resolutions at meetings, 575-the Chamber of Manufactures, ib.-views of the Press, 576, 578-the Council of the Chambers of Commerce, 577-Political Labour League, 578-Trades-hall Council, 579-summary of the situation, ib. Preference in New Zealand, 203, 166. See New Zealand. Prejvalsky or steppe type of horse, its characteristics, 206, 555. Prendergast, M. G., leader of the Labour party in Australia, 206, 307. Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, The, 204, 352-definition of Pre-Raphaelism, 352, 358--the Estheticists, 354-Ford Madox Brown, 354357-the Romanticists, 355-works on, 358-use of light and shadow, 361-the seven members of the Brotherhood, 362-364-their maxim Death to Slosh,' 364-character of Sir J. Millais' picture Cymon and Iphigenia,' ib.-his friendship with H. Hunt, 365-the pictures of D. G. Rossetti, 366—the Cyclographic Club, 367-influence of the union, 368-370-their spirit of revolt against conventionalism, 371 -Lorenzo and Isabella,' 372 'Rienzi,' 373-' Girlhood of Mary Virgin,' ib. Preraphaelitism, view and influence of, 205, 135. Presbyterians, literature on the struggle with the Independents, 208, 513-Ordinances on the observance of the Lord's Day, 514-fast days, 515-belief in witchcraft and superstitions, 517-519-intolerance, 519 -attack on Independents and Sectaries,' 520. Preservation of Fauna and Flora, The, 214, 324-older destructiveness, 325-new tendencies, ib. PRESIDENTIAL. love of flowers, 326-result of wanton destruction, 326, 337growing sense of the value of beauty 327-preservation and extermination, 328-sparrows and snakes, ib.-pioneers of preservation, 329 -measures of Mr Roosevelt, 330 -result of his scientific expedition, 331-preservation in foreign countries, 332-337-destruction of birds, 333-sea-elephants, 334-need for game reserves in Africa, ib.-the alligator, 335—the Scarlet Tanager, ib.-plumes and feathers, 336educational efforts, ib.-cruelsports, 338-foxes, ib.-lust to kill, 339— the tsetse fly, ib.-game regulations in Africa, 340-343-destruction of the Crowned Cranes, 340-the white rhinoceroses, 341-devastations of the Abyssinians, ib.-regulations in India, 343-the colonies, 344-exterminations of the reptile Sphenodon, ib.-counter-movements for the restoration, 344-347. Presidential Election of 1908, 209, 448-Mr Taft the Republican nominee, 449—Mr Bryan the Democratic, ib.-important issues, 450— the negro vote, ib.-cost of the campaign, 451-currency system, 452-455-Socialism, 455-growth of Anarchism, 456-demands of labour organisations, ib.-injunction process, 457--Anti-Trust Act, 458-President Roosevelt's recommendations, 459, 469 views of Mr Taft, 459,474-Independence party 461-tariff reform, 461-465-prosecution of Trusts, 465-469--work of the Bureau of Corporations, 467— advantages of publicity, 468-railways traffic agreements, 469-provisions of the Anti-Rebate Law, ib. -impositions of fines, 470-' crisis of individualism,' 472-division of functions between Federal and State jurisdictions, 472-474-policy of Mr Bryan, 475-Mr Taft, ib. Hon. T., Premier of S. Australia, 206, 308. Sir Thomas R., on the result of railway construction in Cape Colony, 211, 338. Prices, The Rise in, and the Quantity Theory of Money, 217, 482-difficulty of the equitable relation of wages to prices, 483-rise in the rate of interest, ib.--causes of the fall in Consols, 484-general extension of securities, ib.-the ' quantity theory' of money, 485– number of qualifications, 486—annual production of gold, ib.-the volume of trade' or 'exchanges,' 487-rapidity of circulation, 488– transactions by credit, 489-works 6 PRIMITIVE. on, 490-492-proportion of cheques to gold, 493-foreign, internal and industrial drains, 494-interaction of international price-levels, ib.substitution of an artificial goldexchange standard, 495-based on index-numbers, ib.-system in India, 496-proposed International Commission, 498. Prime Minister's Duty, 202, 309– concentration of the Opposition on the fiscal issue, 310-Mr Balfour's speech at Edinburgh, 311-his opposition to a protective policy, ib. -advocacy of an Imperial conference, 312-declaration of policy, ib.-Mr Chamberlain's speech at Luton, 313-Anglo-Russian crisis, 314--circular on the Gorton election, 316-aggressive attitude of free-trade Unionists, ib.-voting in favour of Liberal candidates, 317--proposed temporary alliance, ib.-Mr Balfour's policy of consideration, 318-need for a definite statement, 319. Primitive Man on His Own Origin, 215, 97—works on, 98-meaning of the term totemism, 99–101, 105-existence of historic times, 101-characteristics of the tribes of central Australia, 102—their rules regulating marriage, 103— institution of exogamy, ib.-respect for consanguinity, 104- - sexual jealousy, ib.-totemism in North America, 105 distinction between individual and class, ib.-names of local groups, 106-theories of their origin, 107-109-the conceptional theory, 109-112-beliefs of the Arunta tribe, 109-churinga or sacred objects, 110-their doctrine of reincarnation, 112-attempts to solve the problem of origins, 114, 117-the Blackfeet Indians' belief in the reasoning faculty of animals, 115-punishment of animals in the Middle Ages, 116-of inanimate |