of nature supplied to it the place of thought, sentiment, and almost of action; or, as it will be found expressed, of a state of mind when

the sounding cataract

Haunted me like a passion: the tall rock,

The mountain, and the deep and gloomy wood,
Their colours and their forms were then to nie

An appetite, a feeling and a love,

That had no need of a remoter charm,

By thought supplied, or any interest
Unborrowed from the eye-

I will own that I was much at a loss what to select of these descriptions; and perhaps it would have been better either to have reprinted the whole, or suppressed what I have given.

The "Extracts" referred to are those from An Evening Walk and Descriptive Sketches, for a note on which see under p. 45, 1. 22.

p. 211, 1. 6. This paragraph, in 1815, reads thus: "From images of sight we will pass to those of sound:"

p. 214, 1. 22. Here follows this paragraph, afterwards omitted:

I dismiss this subject with observing-that, in the series of Poems placed under the head of Imagination, I have begun with one of the earliest processes of Nature in the development of this faculty. Guided by one of my own primary consciousnesses, I have represented a commutation and transfer of internal feelings, co-operating with external accidents to plant, for immortality, images of sound and sight, in the celestial soil of the Imagination. The Boy, there introduced, is listening, with something of a feverish and restless anxiety, for the recurrence of the riotous sounds which he had previously excited; and, at the moment when the intenseness of his mind. is beginning to remit, he is surprised into a perception of the solemn and tranquillizing images which the Poem describes.-The Poems next in succession exhibit the faculty exerting itself upon various objects of the external universe; then follow others, where it is employed upon feelings, characters, and actions; and the Class is concluded with imaginative pictures of moral, political, and religious sentiments.

The reference in the beginning of this paragraph is to the piece "There was a Boy."

p. 216, 1. 10. Here follows this paragraph, afterwards omitted:

Awe-stricken as I am by contemplating the operations of the mind of this truly divine Poet, I scarcely dare venture to add that, “An address to an Infant," which the Reader will find under the Class of Fancy in the present Volumes, exhibits something of this communion and interchange of instruments and functions between the two powers; and is, accordingly, placed last in the class, as a preparation for that of Imagination which follows. p. 217. After the poem comes a paragraph, of which the important part is this:

It remains that I should express my regret at the necessity of separating

my compositions from some beautiful Poems of Mr. Coleridge, with which they have been long associated in publication. The feelings. with which that joint publication was made, have been gratified; its end is answered, and the time is come when considerations of general propriety dictate the separation....

p. 217. In 1815 the Essay begins thus:

By this time, I trust that the judicious Reader, who has now first become acquainted with these poems, is persuaded that a very senseless outcry has been raised against them and their Author.-Casually, and very rarely only, do I see any periodical publication, except a daily newspaper; but I am not wholly unacquainted with the spirit in which iny most active and persevering Adversaries have maintained their hostility; nor with the impudent falsehoods and base artifices to which they have had recourse. These, as implying a consciousness on their parts that attacks honestly and fairly conducted would be unavailing, could not but have been regarded by me with triumph; had they been accompanied with such display of talents and information as might give weight to the opinions of the Writers, whether favourable or unfavourable. But the ignorance of those who have chosen to stand forth as my enemies, as far as I am acquainted with their enmity, has unfortunately been still more gross than their disingenuousness, and their incompetence more flagrant than their malice. The effect in the eyes of the discerning is indeed ludicrous: yet, contemptible as such men are, in return for the forced compliment paid me by their long-continued notice (which, as I have appeared so rarely before the public, no one can say has been solicited) I entreat them to spare themselves. The lash, which they are aiming at my productions, does, in fact, only fall on phantoms of their own brain; which, I grant, I am innocently instrumental in raising.-By what fatality the orb of my genius (for genius none of them seem to deny me) acts upon these men like the moon upon a certain description of patients, it would be irksome to inquire; nor would it consist with the respect which I owe mysel to take further notice of opponents whom I internally despise.

Other alterations in the Essay are not important.

G. S.

APPENDIX IV

LIST OF WORKS

I. COLERIDGE'S WORKS, 1794-1817

It will be a convenience to have a list of Coleridge's principal activities up to the publication of Biographia Literaria.

(1) 1794. Act 1 of The Fall of Robespierre. By S. T. Coleridge, of Jesus College, Cambridge. Acts II and III were by Southey.

(2) 1794-5. Verses contributed to The Morning Chronicle, including the Address to a Young Jackass and the Sonnets on Eminent Characters. One poem, To Fortune, really appeared in 1793 (Nov. 7) and is therefore S. T. C.'s first printed work.

(3) 1795. A Moral and Political Lecture delivered at Bristol. By S. T. Coleridge, of Jesus College, Cambridge. Afterwards reprinted as the first of two Conciones ad Populum (1795).

(4) 1795. Conciones ad Populum, Or addresses to the People. By S. T. Coleridge. Contains 3 and another pamphlet On the present war.

(5) 1795. The Plot Discovered: or An Address to the People against Ministerial Treason. By S. T. Coleridge.

(6) 1795. An Answer to A Letter to Edward Long Fox, M.D.' A short anonymous prose pamphlet.

(7) 1796. The Watchman. Published by the Author, S. T. Coleridge. A periodical essay, ten numbers issued, March 1 to May 13.

(8) 1796. Poems on Various Subjects. By S. T. Coleridge, late of Jesus College, Cambridge. Contains the Monody on Chatterton, Religious Musings and various sonnets, here called "Effusions "-a few by Lamb.

(9) 1796. A sheet of selected sonnets. For an account of this see note to p. 7, 1. 21.

(10) 1796. Ode on the Departing Year. By S. T. Coleridge.

(11) 1797. Poems. By S. T. Coleridge. Second Edition. Containing the better part of 8 with contributions from Charles Lamb and Charles Lloyd. (12) 1798. Fears in Solitude...To which are added France, an Ode, and Frost at Midnight. By S. T. Coleridge.

(13) 1798. Lyrical Ballads. Anonymous. Coleridge's contributions were The Ancient Mariner, The Foster-Mother's Tale (a passage from the tragedy Osorio afterwards recast as Remorse), The Nightingale (replacing Lewti, at first included, and actually printed, but withdrawn before publication), The Dungeon (also from Osorio).

(14) 1797-1802. Contributions to The Morning Post-many verses and political articles, the latter reprinted by his daughter in Essays on bis Own Times (1850).

(15) 1800. Contributions to Southey's Annual Anthology (Lewti, The Mad Ox, This Lime-tree bower, Fire, Famine and Slaughter and others).

(16) 1800. Lyrical Ballads. 2nd edition. This was to have contained Christabel; but the only new Coleridge contribution is Love-i.e., “All thoughts, all passions, all delights."

(17) 1800. The Piccolomini or the first part of Wallenstein, A Drama in Five Acts. Translated from the German of Frederick Schiller. By S. T. Coleridge. (18) 1800. The Death of Wallenstein. A Tragedy in Five Acts. Translated from the German of Frederick Schiller. By S. T. Coleridge.

(19) 1803. Poems. By S. T. Coleridge. Third Edition, a reprint, with changes, of 8 and 11.

(20) 1806, etc. Contributions to The Courier. Various Verses.

(21) 1808. Lectures at the Royal Institution. No report exists.

(22) 1809-10. The Friend: A Literary, Moral and Political Weekly Paper, Excluding Personal and Party Politics, and the Events of the Day. Conducted by S. T. Coleridge, of Grasmere, Westmoreland. Twenty-eight parts issued, the first June 1, 1809, the last March 15, 1810. It will be seen that "weekly" has to be generously interpreted.

(23) 1809-10. Letters to The Courier, "On the Spaniards," reprinted in Essays on bis Own Times.

(24) 1811. Contributions to The Courier. A long series of articles. Reprinted in Essays on his Own Times (1850).

(25) 1811-12. Lectures on Shakespeare, Milton, etc. at Crane Court and the Surrey Institution; modern reprint in Bohn (Lectures and Notes on Shakespeare, etc.).

(26) 1812. Contributions to Southey's Omniana, or Horae Otiosiores. Modern reprint in Bohn (Table Talk and Omniana).

(27) 1813. Remorse; a Tragedy. In five Acts. By S. T. Coleridge. First written as Osorio. Successfully produced at Drury Lane, Jan. 1813, and ran twenty nights.

(28) 1813-14. Lectures on Shakespeare and Milton at Bristol. Brief reports exist, reprinted in Lectures (Bohn).

(29) 1814. Essays on the Fine Arts, contributed to Felix Farley's Bristol Journal. Reprinted by Cottle in his Early Recollections; modern reprint, Miscellanies (Bohn).

(30) 1814. Contributions to The Courier-six Letters to Judge Fletcher concerning his Charge to the Grand Jury of the County of Wexford, reprinted in Essays on his Own Times.

(31) 1816. Christabel, Kubla Khan, The Pains of Sleep. By S. T. Coleridge, Esq.

(32) 1816. The Statesman's Manual, or The Bible the Best Guide to Political Skill and Foresight: A Lay Sermon, addressed to the Higher Classes of Society. By S. T. Coleridge, Esq.

(33) 1817. A Lay Sermon, addressed to the Higher and Middle Classes, on the existing Distresses and Discontents. By S. T. Coleridge, Esq. (32 and 33 reprinted in Biographia Literaria and Lay Sermons, Bohn).

(34) 1817. Biographia Literaria: or Biographical Sketches of my Literary Life and Opinions. By S. T. Coleridge, Esq.

(35) 1817. Sibylline Leaves: A Collection of Poems. By S. T. Coleridge, Esq. This reprints the principal poems already published together with pieces hitherto unpublished.

In 1847 appeared an elaborate new edition of Biographia Literaria, with some alterations apparently authorised, under the joint editorship of Coleridge's nephew, Henry Nelson Coleridge, and his wife, Sara, the poet's daughter. This contains a mass of very useful annotations together with a long biographical appendix (of great value in its day), and an even longer introduction dealing with Coleridge's alleged plagiarisms and his theological teaching. The present edition follows (in the main) the text of 1847 and occasional references are given to the notes, especially those dealing with Coleridge's more obscure quotations. The somewhat defensive account of Coleridge issuing from two editors closely connected with him by family ties and community of interests will always have value; but for modern students there is more profit in the masterly Life of Coleridge by J. Dykes Campbell prefixed to the Poetical Works (Macmillan) and published separately in volume form, especially when supplemented by the Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge in two volumes, edited by his grandson, Ernest Hartley Coleridge. A complete collection of the known letters has still to be made.

No new edition of Biographia Literaria (other than bare reprints of the text) appeared till 1907, when it was edited by Mr J. Shawcross (Oxford University Press, 2 vols.) with a valuable introduction and notes embodying a special study of Coleridge's theory of the imagination and his obligations to German writers. It is the standard edition, a necessary part of the English scholar's library.

II. WORDSWORTH'S WORKS, 1793-1815

The following list gives the works of Wordsworth up to the date of Biographia.

(1) [1793] A Letter to the Bishop of Landaff on the Extraordinary Avowal of his Political Principles contained in the Appendix to bis Late Sermon. By a Republican. A prose pamphlet. It was never published by Wordsworth and did not appear in print till 1876 when it was included in Grosart's edition of the prose works, under the title Apology for the French Revolution.

(2) 1793. An Evening Walk. An Epistle in Verse. Addressed to a Young Lady, from the Lakes of the North of England. By W. Wordsworth, B.A., of St John's, Cambridge.

(3) 1793. Descriptive Sketches. In Verse. Taken during a Pedestrian Tour in the Italian, Grison, Swiss and Savoyard Alps. By W. Wordsworth, B.A., of St John's, Cambridge.

(4) 1798. Lyrical Ballads, with a few other Poems. The volume was published anonymously, and no indication of joint authorship was given.

(5) 1800. Lyrical Ballads, with other Poems. In Two Volumes. By W. Wordsworth. Second Edition. All the new matter (except Coleridge's Love)