The Politics of Public Health in the United States

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M.E. Sharpe, 15 дек. 2004 г.
Our public health system is primarily concerned with the promotion of health and the prevention of disease. But while everyone may agree with these goals in principle, in practice public health is a highly contentious policy arena. that is inevitably entangled with sensitive issues ranging from occupational safety and environmental hazards to health education, immunization, and treatment of addiction and sexually transmitted disease. Today however, concern for protecting the population against bio-terrorism and new epidemics such as SARS is tipping the balance back toward increased support for public health. This book focuses on the politics, policies, and methodologies of public health and the twenty-first century challenges to the public health system of the United States. It explores the system's relatively weak position in the American political culture, medical establishment, and legal system; scientific and privacy issues in public health; and the challenges posed by ecological risk and the looming threat of bio-terrorist attack. Each chapter includes study questions. The volume also includes a chronology of major laws and events in public health policy along with an extensive bibliography.
 

Содержание

The Politics of Public Health in the United States
3
Accomplishments of the Public Health System
4
History of Public Health Policy in the United States
7
Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
9
The Nineteenth Century
12
The Twentieth Century
14
The Organization of the US Public Health Service
21
The National Government
22
Scientific Evidence and Morality Politics
169
The Politics of Science and Public Health
172
Notes
174
Study Questions
175
The Politics of Genetics and Public Health
176
Developments in Genetic Science
177
The Human Genome Project
178
Genetic Testing and Screening
180

State Governments
32
Local Governments
35
Politics and Public Health
37
Organization of the Book
40
Notes
42
Leadership Politics and Public Health
43
Leadership and Public Health
45
Public Health Leadership at the National Level
48
The Surgeon General
50
Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration
57
Director of the National Institutes of Health
59
Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
60
Public Health Leadership at State and Local Levels
62
Leadership and Professional Public Health Organizations
65
The Association of State and Territorial Health Officials
67
The National Association of Local Boards of Health
68
The Society for Public Health Education
69
The American Association of Public Health Dentistry
70
Study Questions
72
The Politics of Public Health and Private Medicine
73
Differences Between Public Health and Private Medicine
74
History of the Relationship Between Medicine and Public Health
77
Period of Ambivalence and Accommodation
78
The Twentieth Century
82
Inching Toward Cooperation and Collaboration
98
The Politics of Public Health and Private Medicine
101
Study Questions
103
The Politics of Public Health and Law
104
Legal Foundations of Public Health Practice
105
Shortcomings of Current Public Health Laws
109
Public Health Law Reform Movement
111
Law as a Tool to Protect the Publics Health
115
Land Use Planning Zoning and Public Health Law
117
Drug Abuse and Public Health Law
119
Tobacco Use and Public Health Law
120
Violence Firearms and Public Health Law
123
Tort Litigation as a Public Health Strategy
129
Tobacco Litigation
131
Firearms Litigation
134
The Politics of Public Health and Law
137
Study Questions
139
The Politics of Science and Public Health
140
The Evolution of Public Health Research
142
Role of Science in the Formulation of Public Health Policies
146
Evaluation of Public Health Policies
147
Politics Science and Public Health Politics Scientific Evidence and Realities of Politics
149
Contradictory and Inconclusive Scientific Evidence
150
Difficulties and Complexities of Risk Assessment
167
Effectiveness of Genetic Testing
185
Genetic Profiling
187
The Politics of Genetics and Development of Public Health Policies
188
Informed Consent
190
Discrimination Based on Genetic Information
193
Policy Related to Genetic Discrimination
197
Inequality and Access to Genetic Technologies
202
The Politics of Genetics and Public Health
206
Notes
208
The Politics of Environment and Public Health
210
Lifestyle versus Environmental Factors in Public Health
211
Environmental Degradation and Threats to Health
216
Chemicals
217
Endocrine Disrupters
221
The Hollywood Connection
226
Environmental Tobacco Smoke
228
Global Warming
229
Biological Agents
231
Politics of Environmental Protection National Government
232
State and Local Governments
235
Social Ecology
237
The Politics of Environment and Public Health
240
Notes
243
The Politics of Bioterrorism and Public Health
245
Bioterrorism in History
247
Potential Threats of Bioterrorism TypesForms of Biological Weapons
251
Necessary Conditions for a Successful and Major Bioterrorist Attack
255
Motivations Behind a Bioterrorist Attack
257
Current Preparedness of the Public Health System to Deal with a Bioterrorist Attack
258
Federal Level
259
State and Local Levels
265
Dark Winter 2001 Plague Attack Denver Colorado
268
Problems and Shortcomings of the Current Public Health System
269
Lack of Coordination Among Levels of Government and Agencies
270
Inadequate Surveillance System
271
Lack of Rapid Diagnostic Techniques
272
The Legal Challenge
273
Future Challenges
278
Notes
280
Study Questions
281
Conclusion
282
Reinvigorating Public Health
285
Politics and Public Health Policies
286
Chronology of Major Public Health Laws and Events
287
References
295
Index
339
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