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Simon played in the international trade unions and in regard
to his connection with international Marxist leaders and cen-
tral agencies, which he continued after the national recovery,
he was placed under protective custody on 3 May 1933, and
was kept, until 25 January 1934, in the Dachau concentration
camp. Simon is under the urgent suspicion that even after
this date he played an active part in the illegal continuation
of the Socialist Party. He took part in meetings which aimed
at the illegal continuation of the Socialist Party and propa-
gation of illegal Marxist printed matter in Germany.
"Through this radical attitude which is hostile to the State,
Simon directly endangers public security and order." (2330-
PS)

Further instances of this persecution of members of trade unions are contained in (2334-PS) and (2928-PS).

C. Persecution of Jews.

Thousands of Jews, were, of course, confined in concentration camps. (For a fuller discussion of this point see Chapter XII.) Among the wealth of evidence showing the confinement of Germans only because they were Jews, a teletype from SS Gruppenfuehrer Heydrich is typical. This order is dated 10 November 1938, and is addressed to all headquarters of the State Police and all districts and sub-districts of the SD (3051-PS). Paragraph 5 of this teletype, which was entitled "Measures against Jews tonight," provided:

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5. Inasmuch as in the course of the events of this night the employment of officials used for this purpose would be possible, in all districts as many Jews, especially rich ones, are to be arrested as can be accommodated in the existing prisons. For the time being only healthy men not too old are to be arrested. Upon their arrest, the appropriate concentration camps should be contacted immediately, in order to confine them in these camps as fast as possible." (3051-PS) Himmler in 1943 indicated that use of the concentration camp against the Jews had been motivated, not simply by Nazi racialism, but also by a fear that the Jews might have been an obstacle to aggression. In a speech delivered at a meeting of the SS Major Generals at Posen on 4 October 1943, Himmler sought to justify the Nazi anti-Jewish policy:

"I mean the clearing out of the Jews, the extermination of the Jewish race. It's one of those things it is easy to talk about-The Jewish race is being exterminated', says one party member, 'that's quite clear, it's in our program, elimi

nation of the Jews, and we're doing it, exterminating them'. And then they come, 80 million worthy Germans, and each one has his decent Jew. Of course, the others are vermin, but this one is an A-1 Jew. Not one of all those who talk this way has witnessed it, not one of them has been through it. Most of you must know what it means when 100 corpses are lying side by side, or 500 or 1,000. To have stuck it out and at the same time-apart from exceptions caused by human weakness-to have remained decent fellows, that is what has made us hard. This is a page of glory in our history which has never been written and is never to be written, for we know how difficult we should have made it for ourselves, if with the bombing raids, the burden and deprivations of war-we still had Jews today in every town as secret saboteurs, agitators and trouble-mongers." (1919-PS)

It is clear from the foregoing evidence that prior to the launching of a Nazi aggression, the concentration camp had been one of the principal weapons by which the conspirators achieved the social cohesion which was needed for the execution of their plans for aggression. After the conspirators launched their aggression and their armies swept over Europe, they brought the concentration camp and the whole system of Nazi terror to occupied countries. In addition, they brought the citizens of the occupied countries to Germany and subjected them to the whole apparatus of Nazi brutality. In a communication to Himmler dated 16 December 1942, Mueller, for the Chief of the Security Police and SD, deals with the seizure of Polish Jews for deportation to concentration camps in Germany. I should like to quote the body of this communication:

"In connection with the increase in the transfer of labor to the concentration camps, ordered to be completed by 30 January 1943, the following procedure may be applied in the Jewish section.

"1. Total number: 45,000 Jews.

"2. Start of transportation: 11 January 1943; End of trans-
portation: 31 January 1943. (The Reich railroads are un-
able to provide special trains for the evacuation during the
period from 15 December 1942 to 10 January 1943 because of
the increased traffic of armed forces leave trains).
"3. Composition: The 45,000 Jews are to consist of 30,000
Jews from the district of Byalystock. 10,000 Jews from
the Ghetto Theresienstadt, 5,000 of whom are Jews fit for
work who heretofore had been used for smaller jobs required
for the Ghetto, and 5,000 Jews who are generally incapable

of working, also over 60 year old Jews

As here

tofore only such Jews would be taken for the evacuation who do not have any particular connections and who are not in possession of any high decorations. 3,000 Jews from the occupied Dutch territories, 2,000 Jews from Berlin45,000. The figure of 45,000 includes the invalid (old Jews and children). By use of a practical standard, the screening of the arriving Jews in Auschwitz should yield at least 10,000 to 15,000 people fit for work." (R-91)

The Jews of Hungary suffered the same fate. Between 19 March 1944 and 1 August 1944 more than 400,000 Hungarian Jews were rounded up. Many of these were put in wagons and sent to extermination camps. An affidavit made in London by Dr. Rudolph Kastner, a former official of the Hungarian Zionist Organization, states in part:

*

*

* *

"19 March 1944: Together with the German military occu-
pation arrived in Budapest a 'Special Section Commando'
of the German Secret Police with the sole object of liqui-
dating the Hungarian Jews
They arrested and
later deported to Mauthausen, all the leaders of Jewish politi-
cal and business life and journalists, together with the Hun-
garian democratic and anti-Fascist politicians

*

"Up to 27 June 1944, 475,000 Jews were deported."

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"According to statements of Krumey and Wislicseny in February or March 1945 a conference of the officers of IV.B. was called to Berlin by Eichmann in the spring of 1942. He then informed them that the government decided in favor of the complete annihilation of the European Jews and that this will be carried out silently in the gas-chambers. 'Victory is ours,' declared Eichmann. "The end of the war is near. We must hurry as this is the last chance to free Europe of the Jews. After the war it will not be possible to utilize such methods.""

*

"Commanders of the death-camps gassed only on direct or indirect instructions of Eichmann. The particular officer of IV.B. who directed the deportations from some particular country had the authority to indicate whether the train should go to a death camp or not, and what should happen to the passengers. The instructions were usually carried by the SS-NCO escorting the train. The letters 'A' or 'M' on the escorting instruction documents indicated Auschwitz or

Majdanek; it meant that the passengers were to be gassed. * Regarding Hungarian Jews the following general ruling was laid down in Auschwitz: children up to the age of 12 or 14, older people above 50, as well as the sick, or people with criminal records (who were transported in specially marked wagons) were taken immediately on their arrival to the gas chambers.

"The others passed before an SS doctor who, on sight indicated who was fit for work, and who was not. Those unfit were sent to the gas chambers, while the others were distributed in various labor camps." (2605-PS)

2. "CHARGES" AGAINST CONCENTRATION CAMP INMATES

In the Eastern territories, these victims were apprehended for extermination in concentration camps without any charges having been made against them. In the Western occupied territories, charges were apparently made against some of the victims. Some of the charges which the Nazis considered sufficient basis for confinement in a concentration camp are illustrated in a summary of the file of the dossier of 25 persons arrested in Luxembourg for commitment to various concentration camps and sets forth the charges made against each person (L-215). These charges read as follows:

"Name

Charge

Place of Confinement

HENRICY- By associating with members Natzweiler

KRIER

of illegal resistance move-
ments and making money for
them violating legal foreign
exchange rates, by harming
the interests of the Reich
and being expected in the fu-
ture to disobey official ad-
ministrative regulations and
act as an enemy of the Reich.

By being responsible for ad- Buchenwald
vanced sabotage of labor and
causing fear because of his
political and criminal past.
Freedom would only further
his anti-social urge.

"Name

MONTI

Charge

Place of Confinement

By being strongly suspected of Sachsenhausen aiding desertion.

JUNKER

Because as a relative of a de- Sachsenhausen serter he is expected to en

JAEGER

danger the interests of the

German Reich if allowed to
go free.

Because as a relative of a de- Sachsenhausen
serter he is expected to take

advantage of every occasion
to harm the German Reich.

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LUDWIG For being strongly suspected Dachau of aiding desertion." (L-215)

3. USE OF CONCENTRATION CAMPS FOR PRISONERS OF WAR

Not only civilians of the occupied territories, but also prisoners of war were subjected to the concentration camp. A memorandum to all officers of the State Police, signed by Mueller, Chief of the Gestapo, dated 9 November 1941, discusses the "Transportation of Russian Prisoners of War, Destined for Execution, into the Concentration Camps." (1165-PS). This memorandum states in part:

"The commandants of the concentration camps are complaining that 5 to 10% of the Soviet Russians destined for execution are arriving in the camps dead or half dead. Therefore the impression has arisen that the Stalags are getting rid of such prisoners in this way.

"It was particularly noted that, when marching, for example, from the railroad station to the camp, a rather large number of PWs collapsed on the way from exhaustion, either dead or half dead, and had to be picked up by a truck following the convoy.

"It cannot be prevented that the German people take notice of these occurrences.

"Even if the transportation to the camps is generally taken care of by the Wehrmacht, the population will attribute this situation to the SS.

"In order to prevent, if possible, similar occurrences in the future, I therefore order that, effective from today on, Soviet Russians, declared definitely suspect and obviously

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