Sweden and National Liberation in Southern Africa: Solidarity and assistance, 1970-1994Nordic Africa Institute, 1999 - 912 pages Sweden's and the other Nordic countries' support for the national liberation process and struggle against apartheid was unique in the international context both in regard to the size of the financial support and the extensive popular involvement. This book attempts to document the involvement of Sweden in the Southern African struggles against colonialism, occupation and white minority rule. While Volume I set out to identify the actors and factors behind the involvement, the aim of the present volume is to illustrate the Swedish participation. The focus of this study is on official assistance to the national liberation movements but the important role played by the organized Swedish solidarity movement and other non-governmental organizations also forms part of the narration. The study also attempts to contribute to a broader understanding of the international aspects of the Thirty Years' War in the region, a significant chapter in the quest for national self-determination, democracy and human rights towards the end of the troubled 20th century. Primarily written for the general reader interested in relations between Sweden and the Southern African liberation movements, the presentation should also provide material and theoretical enquiries with regard to, for example, Swedish foreign policy in the cold war era; regional developments in a bipolar world; and the diplomatic initiatives, political alliances and material conditions of the different movements. This book is a part of the Nordic Africa Institute's Research Project National Liberation in Southern Africa. The Role of the Nordic Countries. The result of the project is a unique documentation, mainly drawing on hitherto restricted official primary sources. This book, together with the other studies published within the project, forms a valuable reference source for everyone interested in the 20th century history of Southern Africa in particular or North/South and international relations in general. |
Contents
Acronyms | 11 |
Maps | 19 |
Breaking the Ground | 41 |
Amílcar Cabral and the Swedish Assistance | 62 |
FRELIMO Crisis and Portuguese CounterOffensive | 69 |
Tables and Graphs | 72 |
Youth and Student Solidarity | 79 |
De Facto Recognition and Expanded Support | 93 |
SACTU Unions and Sanctions | 447 |
Projects in Exile Mineworkers | 480 |
Pan Africanist Congress | 494 |
Gatsha Buthelezi and Inkatha | 517 |
Black Consciousness IUEF and Operation Daisy | 544 |
From Beds in Exile to Organizers at Home | 580 |
Swaziland | 620 |
Lesotho Botswana Zimbabwe and a Note on Security | 660 |
The Relations Continue | 102 |
On Separate Trails | 153 |
ZANU and ZAPU towards Independence | 186 |
Tentative Steps towards Firm Relations | 233 |
Transport Home Front Churches and Trade Unions | 262 |
Humanitarian Assistance | 308 |
Cold War Total Strategy and Expanded Assistance | 338 |
With SWAPO to Victory | 367 |
No Easy Walk | 394 |
Companies Churches and Labour | 422 |
UDF and Civics in South Africa | 698 |
From Frontline Rock | 756 |
Banning of Trade and Planning for PostApartheid | 781 |
Free at Last | 811 |
Epilogue | 864 |
871 | |
Appendices | 889 |
904 | |
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Common terms and phrases
activities Africa Groups African liberation movements African National Congress AGIS Agreed minutes allocation ANC's Anders Bjurner Anders Möllander Angola anti-apartheid apartheid April August bistånd Buthelezi CCHA Committee cooperation Council Dar es Salaam December discussions early embassy in Lusaka Eriksson favour February Foreign Affairs Foreign Minister FRELIMO Guinea-Bissau humanitarian assistance Ibid independence Inkatha International Interview IUEF January June later leader Letter LO/TCO Luanda Lusaka March Mbeki military Ministry for Foreign Mozambique MPLA MSEK Mugabe Namibia nationalist November Nujoma October official Swedish Oliver Tambo organization PAIGC political Portuguese President Pretoria programme refugees representative request SACTU Salaam Secretary Sellström Volume September Shipanga SIDA SIDA's Social Democratic Party solidarity South Africa Southern Africa Stockholm stöd SWAPO Swedish ambassador Swedish assistance Swedish embassy Swedish government Swedish support Tanzania tion trade union UNITA United Nations Uppsala Zambia ZANU ZANU and ZAPU ZANU's ZAPU Zimbabwe Zimbabwean