Economic Sanctions and American DiplomacyRichard Haass Council on Foreign Relations, 1998 - 222 pages "Sanctions don't work" is an often-heard refrain. The reality, though, is more complex. Sanctions - mostly economic but also political and military penalties aimed at states or other entities to alter political and/or military behavior - almost always have consequences, sometimes desirable, at other times unwanted and unexpected. What cannot be disputed is that economic sanctions are increasingly at the center of American foreign policy: to stem the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, promote human rights, discourage aggression, protect the environment, and thwart drug trafficking. Drawing on eight case studies - China, Cuba, Haiti, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Pakistan, and the former Yugoslavia - this edited volume presents lessons to be learned from recent American use of economic sanctions. It also provides specific guidelines designed to shape future decisions by Congress and the executive branch. |
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action agreement allies American April Aristide arms embargo August behavior Beijing Bhutto billion bombing Bosnian Serbs Bush administration Castro government China Chinese leaders Clinton administration Congress cooperation costs coup crisis Croatia Cuba Cuba's Cuban December democracy develop diplomatic domestic economic sanctions EIU Libya Country embargo European exports firms foreign policy Haiti Haitian Helms-Burton human rights humanitarian ILSA impact important imposed investment Iran Iran's Iranian Iraq Iraq's Iraqi issue January June Kuwait Libya Libya Country Report Lockerbie March ment Middle East military force Milosevic missile MTCR multilateral national security negotiations nomic November nuclear weapons October Pakistan Patrick Clawson percent policymakers political Pressler pressure proliferation Qaddafi Reagan regime relations Resolution Saddam sanc Secretary Serbia Soviet Union strategic target threat tions trade U.N. sanctions U.N. Security Council U.S. economic U.S. government U.S. interests U.S. officials U.S. policy unilateral Washington Post York Yugoslavia
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Page 105 - All the Parties to the Treaty undertake to facilitate, and have the right to participate in, the fullest possible exchange of equipment, materials and scientific and technological information for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy.
Page 212 - It is one of the happy incidents of the federal system that a single courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and try novel social and economic experiments without risk to the rest of the country.
Page 105 - Parties to the Treaty have the right to participate in the fullest possible exchange of scientific and technological information for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Parties to the Treaty in a position to do so shall also cooperate in contributing alone or together with other States or international organizations to the further development of the applications of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, especially in the territories of nonnuclear-weapon States Party to the Treaty.
Page 38 - PROHIBITIONS AGAINST FURNISHING ASSISTANCE. — (a) (1) No assistance shall be furnished under this Act to the present government of Cuba; nor shall any such assistance be furnished to any country which furnishes assistance to the present government of Cuba unless the President determines that such assistance is in the national interest of the United States.
Page 149 - America, find that the policies and actions of the Government of Nicaragua constitute an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States and hereby declare a national emergency to deal with that threat.
Page 88 - The Congress declares that it is the policy of the United States to deny Iran the ability to support acts of international terrorism and to fund the development and acquisition of weapons of mass destruction and the means to deliver them by limiting the development of Iran's ability to Iran and Libya Sanctions Act of 1996.
Page 124 - Normal relations between the United States and Iraq would serve our longer-term interests and promote stability in both the Gulf and the Middle East.