you be perfectly joined in the same mind, and in the

same counsel." a

3. Polycarp, Ep. ad Philipp. c. v. "Neither fornicators, nor effeminate, nor abusers of themselves with mankind, shall inherit the kingdom of God." See the same words in 1 Cor. vi. 9.'

III. But the references and allusions to the evangelical writings are in part vague and fluctuating, and in part they relate to the apocryphal Gospels.

The following are of the first class : —

1. Barnabas, Ep. c. 4. "Let us therefore take heed, lest, as it is written, Many of us shall be found called, but few chosen." "

Chap. vii.

"Thus he [Jesus] says, 'Those who wish to see me, and to touch my kingdom, ought, when afflicted and suffering, to receive me."" Compare Matt. xvi. 24. Mark viii. 34. Luke xvi. 23.

2. Clement of Rome, Ep. 1 ad Cor. c. 13. "Especially remembering the word of the Lord Jesus, which he spake, teaching gentleness and long-suffering; for thus he spake Pity that you may be pitied: forgive that it

a

Ignat. Eph. c. 2 :......ἵνα ἐν μιᾷ ὑποταγῇ ἦτε κατηρτισμένοι τῷ αὐτῷ νοὶ καὶ τῇ αὐτῇ γνώμῃ καὶ τὸ αὐτὸ λέγητε πάντες περὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ. Comp. 1 Cor. i. 10: ἵνα τὸ αὐτὸ λέγητε πάντες...... ἦτε δὲ κατηρτισμένοι ἐν τῷ avrợ vot nai tv tỷ avtỷ próuŋ. Lardner, ubi sup. p. 123, sqq. See Lardner, l. c. vol. ii. pp. 82, 83.

b Polycarp, Ep. ad Philipp. c. 5: Καὶ οὔτε πόρνοι, οὔτε μαλακοὶ, οὔτε ἀρσενοκοῖται βασιλείαν θεοῦ κληρονομήσουσι. Comp. 1 Cor. vi. 9, sq. Lardner, p. 159. See Lardner, vol. ii. p. 101. See Norton, 1. c. p. cclxii.]

See Lardner, vol. ii. 21. [See Norton, 1. c. p. cclxviii. sqq., who denies the authenticity of this work of Barnabas.] Ep. Barnab. c. 4: Attendamus ergo, ne forte, sicut scriptum est, multi vocati, pauci electi inveniamur. The words sicut scriptum est are perhaps added by the translator. See Credner, Beiträge zur Einleit. in b. Schriften, vol. i. p. 28. Cap. 7: Outo, φησὶν ( ̓Ιησοῦς), οἱ θέλοντές με ἰδεῖν καὶ ἅψασθαί μου τῆς βασιλείας, ὀφείλουσι θλιβέντες καὶ παθόντες λαβεῖν με. Comp. Matt. xvi. 24. Mark viii. 34. Luke ix. 23. (?) Lardner, p. 10, sqq.

may be forgiven you: as you do, so shall it be done unto you: as you give, so shall it be given unto you: as you judge, so shall you be judged: with what measure you mete, with the same shall it be measured to you."" Compare Luke vi. 36-38, Matt. vi. 12-15, vii. 1. Compare chap. xlvi. with Matt. xviii. 6, Mark ix. 42, and Luke xvii. 2."

Clement of Rome, Ep. 2. "And another scripture says, I am not come to call the righteous, but sinners."" Compare Matt. ix. 13.

Again, chap. x. (viii.) "For the Lord says in the gospel, 'If you have not kept the little, who shall give you the great? I say to you, He that is faithful in the least, is faithful also in much.' Compare Luke xvi. 11, 12. If you are not faithful in the unrighteous mammon, who will intrust you with the true? And if you are not faithful in another's possessions, who will give you your own?"""

3. Ignatius ad Trall. c. 11. "These are not my Father's planting."

Again, ad Philad. c. 3. "Because they are not the Father's planting." Compare Matt. xv. 13.

sq.

• Lardner, vol. ii. p. 37. Clem. Rom. Ep. 1 ad Cor. c. 13: Máhora μɛμvnμένοι τῶν λόγων τοῦ κυρίου ̓Ιησοῦ, οὓς ἐλάλησε διδάσκων ἐπιείκειαν καὶ μακροθυμίαν· οὕτως γὰρ εἶπεν· ̓Ελεεῖτε, ἵνα ἐλεηθῆτε· ἀφίετε, ἵνα ἀφεθῇ ὑμῖν· ὡς ποιεῖτε, οὕτω ποιηθήσεται ὑμῖν· ὡς δίδοτε, οὕτω δοθήσεται ὑμῖν· ὡς κρίνετε, οὕτω κριθήσεται ὑμῖν· ᾧ μέτρῳ μετρεῖτε, ἐν αὐτῷ με 1979σeraι vuiv. Comp. Luke vi. 36-38, Matt. vi. 12—15, vii. 1. Comp. c. 46, with Matt. xviii. 6, Mark ix. 42, Luke xvii. 2. Lardner, p. 39, ⚫ Lardner, vol. ii. p. 36. Clem. Rom. Ep.2: Kai éréqa yoaqǹ héɣɛi, öti oỷn ἦλθον καλέσαι δικαίους, ἀλλὰ ἁμαρτωλούς. Comp. Matt. ix. 13. Cap. 10 (8)· Λέγει γὰρ κύριος ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ· Εἰ τὸ μικρὸν οὐκ ἐτηρήσατε, τὸ μέγα τίς ὑμῖν δώσει ; λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν, ὅτι ὁ πιστὸς ἐν ἐλαχίστῳ, καὶ ἐν πολλῷ πιστός ἐστιν. Comp. Luke xvi. 11, 12: Εἰ ἐν τῷ ἀδίκῳ μαμωνᾷ πιστοὶ οὐκ ἐγένεσθε, τὸ ἀληθινὸν τίς ὑμῖν πιστεύσει; καὶ εἰ ἐν τῷ ἀλλοτρίῳ πιστοί οὐκ ἐγένεσθε, τὸ ὑμέτερον τίς ὑμῖν δώσει; Lardner, p. 72.

Salome.

her

Again, ad Smyrneas, cap. 1......." Baptized by John, that all righteousness might be fulfilled in him." Comp. Matt. iii. 15.a

4. Polycarp, c. 2. "Remembering what the Lord said when teaching, Judge not, that you be not judged : forgive, and it shall be forgiven you: pity, that you may be pitied with what measure you mete, it shall be measured to you again."" Compare Matt. vi. 12, vii. 1, and Clement, as above cited, Ep. 1 ad Cor. c. 13.'

IV. The following refer to the apocryphal Gospels :1. Clement of Rome, Ep. 2, c. 12. "The Lord, being asked by some one when his kingdom should come, answered, When two shall be one; the outward as the inward; and the male with the female shall be neither male nor female.""c

2. Clement of Alexandria, Stromat. 1. iii. p. 465. "For this reason Cassianus says, when Solomon asked when the subject of M inquiry should be known, the Lord said, When you shall remove the covering of shame, and two shall be one, and the male with the female shall be neither male nor female.' We have not

εἶναι αὐτοὺς φυτείαν βεβαπτισμένον ὑπὸ Comp. Matt. iii. 15.

a Lardner, vol. ii. p. 79, sqq. Ignat. ad Trall. c. 11: Obro ovx Eloi φυτεία πατρός. Ad Philadelph. c. 3:...... διὰ τὸ μὴ лατоós. Comр. Matt. xv. 13. Ad Smyrn. c. 1:... * Ιωάννου, ἵνα πληρωθῇ πᾶσα δικαιοσύνη ὑπ' αὐτοῦ. Lardner, p. 115, sqq.

b

Polycarp, c. 2: Μνημονεύσαντες δὲ ὧν εἶπεν ὁ κύριος διδάσκων· Μὴ κρίνετε, ἵνα μὴ κριθῆτε· ἀφίετε, καὶ ἀφεθήσεται ὑμῖν· ἐλεεῖτε, ἵνα ἐλεηθῆτε· ἐν ᾧ μέτρῳ μετρῆτε, ἀντιμετρηθήσεται ὑμῖν. Comp. Matt. vi. 12 sqq., vii. 1, and Clem. Rom. Ep. 1 ad Cor. c. 13. Lardner, vol. ii. p. 102. Eichhorn's Einleit. in d. N. T. vol. i. p. 113, [where this subject is treated at length. See, also, Norton, 1. c. vol. i. Appendix, p. cclviii. sqq.]

с

Clem. Rom. Ep. 2, c. 12: Επερωτηθεὶς αὐτὸς ὁ κύριος ὑπό τινος, πότε ἥξει αὐτοῦ ἡ βασιλεία, εἶπεν· “Οταν ἔσται τὰ δύο ἓν, καὶ τὸ ἔξω ὡς τὸ ἔσω, καὶ τὸ ἄρσεν μετὰ τῆς θηλείας, οὔτε ἄρσεν, οὔτε θῆλυ.

the first sentence in the four Gospels transmitted to us, but it occurs in that according to the Egyptians.""

3. Ignatius, Ep. ad Smyrn. "And when he came to the companions of Peter, he said to them, 'Take, touch me, and see that I am not a bodiless demon;' and immediately they touched him, and believed." Compare Luke xxiv. 39.'

4. Jerome says, "In that Epistle, (to the Smyrneans,) and the work on the Gospels, which has recently been translated by me, he [Ignatius] gives his testimony on the person of Christ, and says, After the resurrection, I saw him in the flesh, and believe that it was he. And when he came to Peter, and to those who were with Peter, he said to them, 'Behold, touch me, and see that I am not an incorporeal demon;' and immediately they touched him, and believed."

Again, Jerome remarks," "For when the apostles thought him a spirit, -or, according to the Gospel which the Nazarenes call that of the Hebrews, an incorporeal demon, — he said to them, 'Why are you troubled?""&c.

• Clem. Alex. Stromat. l. iii. p. 465: Διὰ τοῦτό τοι ὁ Κασσιανός φησι, πυνθανομένης τῆς Σαλώμης, πότε γνοσθήσεται τὰ περὶ ὧν ἤρετο, ἔφη ὁ Κύριος. Οταν τὸ τῆς αἰσχύνης ἔνδυμα πατήσητε, καὶ ὅταν γένηται τὰ δύο ἓν, καὶ τὸ ἄρρεν μετὰ τῆς θηλείας, οὔτε ἄῤῥην, οὔτε θῆλυ. Πρῶτον μὲν οὖν ἐν τοῖς παραδεδομένοις ἡμῖν τέτταρσιν Εὐαγγελίοις οὐκ ἔχομεν τὸ ῥητὸν, ἀλλ' ἐν τῷ κατ' Αιγυπτίους.

Ignat. Εp. ad Smyrn. c. 3: Καὶ ὅτε πρὸς τοὺς περὶ Πέτρον ἦλθεν, ἔφη αὐτοῖς· Λάβετε, ψηλαφήσατέ με, καὶ ἴδετε, ὅτι οὐκ εἰμὶ δαιμόνιον ἀσώματον· καὶ εὐθὺς αὐτοῦ ἥψαντο, καὶ ἐπίστευσαν.

Hieron. Catal. Scriptt. ecclesiast. n. 23, v. Ignat. In qua epistola (ad Smyrnæos) et de Evangelio, quod nuper a me translatum est, super persona Christi ponit testimonium, dicens: Ego vero et post resurrectionem in carne eum vidi et credo quia sit. Et quando venit ad Petrum et ad eos, qui cum Petro erant, dixit eis: Ecce palpate me et videte, quia non sum dæmonium incorporale. Et statim tetigerunt eum et crediderunt.

Hieron. procm. ad libr. 18, Jes.: Cum enim apostoli eum putarent spiritum, vel juxta Evangelium quod Hebræorum lectitant Nazaræi, incorporale dæmonium, dixit eis: quid turbatis estis, etc.

• Comp. Eusebius, Hist. Eccl. iii. 36.

§ 19.

TRACES OF THE USE OF THE NEW TESTAMENT IN THE EARLY WRITERS OF THE CHURCH.

1. Justin Martyr, who died A. C. 166, was acquainted with our Gospels, as it appears from the following passages: "For the apostles, in the memoirs composed by them which are called Gospels, have thus informed us," &c. "And the memoirs by the apostles, or the writings of the prophets, were read," &c."

However, it has been conjectured that these writings referred to were different from our Gospels.' Justin quotes none of the catholic Epistles, though sometimes he seems to allude to them. But, on the other hand, he considers the Apocalypse as the work of John the apostle."

2. Tatian, who died A. C. 176, makes use of the Gospel of John. He says, "It is this which was spoken: The darkness does not receive (or comprehend) the light."" Compare John i. 5. He used some Epistles

a

Apol. i. c. 66, p. 83, (ed. Hag. Com.): Οἱ γὰρ ἀπόστολοι ἐν τοῖς γενομένοις ὑπ' αὐτῶν ἀπομνημονεύμασι, ἃ καλεῖται εὐαγγέλια, οὕτως παρέδωκαν. Cap. 67 : ...... καὶ τὰ ἀπομνημονεύματα τῶν ἀποστόλων, ἢ τὰ συγγράμματα τῶν προφητῶν ἀναγινώσκεται, κτλ.

Eichhorn, Einl. ins N. T. vol. i. p. 78, sqq. Münscher, Dogmengeschichte, vol. i. p. 295, sq. On the other hand, see Winer, Justinum Mart. Evangeliis canonicis Usum fuisse ostenditur; Lips. 1819, 4to. See his Lehrbuch, vol. ii. § 66, 67. According to Credner, 1. c. p. 268, sqq., besides our canonical Gospels, Justin made use of the Gospel of Peter.

[See, also, Norton, 1. c.

See Lardner, vol. ii. ch. x., especially p. 137. p. 195, 199, 201, 224, and his Appendix, note E, p. ccvii. and p. ccxxxii. sqq.] d Dialog. cum Tryphone, c. 81, p. 179.

• Orat. c. Græcos, c. 13, p. 255: Καὶ τοῦτο ἐστὶν ἄρα τὸ εἰρημένον· ἡ σκοτία τὸ φῶς οὐ καταλαμβάνει.