Senator SMITH. I have no questions.

Senator STENNIS. All right, Mr. Tubby, with the thanks of the sub-committee, sir, you may retire from the witness chair.

Senator THURMOND. Mr. Chairman, could I just say a word or two? Senator STENNIS. All right, Senator Thurmond.

Senator THURMOND. Mr. Secretary, I just want to commend you for your frankness in your testimony, in testifying as you did here today.. Mr. TUBBY. Thank you very much.

TUBBY DOES NOT RECALL APPROVING PHRASES THAT WERE DELETED

Senator STENNIS. Mr. Tubby, will you remain there just a moment,. please. Senator Saltonstall's illustrations that he put in the record. were with reference to the striking out of phrases.

I was told here just before we started taking the testimony that there were some speeches where you approved some phrases. Do you know about those? I do not know that you

Mr. TUBBY. Not offhand.

There may be some cases where we would approve a phrase that had been stricken elsewhere, or at another time, but I think this is where the time factor is important to consider, and the audience and the whole speech.

Senator STENNIS. I suppose that will come out in your preparation on the speeches, whatever the facts are?

Mr. TUBBY. Yes.

Senator STENNIS. That is what I wanted to get.

All right, Mr. Tubby, thank you again, sir, and you may retire from the witness chair.

Our next witness will be Mr. Burris.

Is Mr. Burris here?

All right, Mr. Burris, come around.

Mr. Burris, please raise your right hand and be sworn. Do you solemnly swear that your testimony here before this subcommittee will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?

Mr. BURRIS. I do.

BURRIS BIOGRAPHY

Senator STENNIS. You have a biographical sketch here?

Mr. BURRIS. Yes, sir.

Senator STENNIS. Would you supply that to the reporter, please. I have it here. This Mr. Philip H. Burris, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs.

In a way, Mr. Burris and his work, the part we are inquiring into, is comparable to the Pentagon witness, Colonel Hinkle, who was with us during the first days of our testimony.

(The biographical sketch follows:)

PHILIP H. BURRIS, DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE FOR PUBLIC AFFAIRS

Philip H. Burris was born in Newton, Ill., on March 25, 1916. He attended public schools in Columbus, Ohio, including North High School from which he was graduated in 1933. He was a student at Ohio State University in the years 1934-35 and again in 1937-39. His principal course of study at Ohio State University was foreign trade and geography. He received a B.S. degree in 1939, graduating with distinction.

He was employed by the university's Bureau of Business Research in 1934:35 and in 1937-40. In 1936 and until the fall of 1937, he worked for the U.S. Department of Agriculture on projects concerning farm finance. In 1939 and 1940, he also wrote a regular column for the financial section of the Sun-day Columbus Citizen. In 1940, he was employed by Central Greyhound Lines, Inc., of Cleveland, Ohio, as a market research analyst and statistician.

In 1941, he accepted an appointment in the Foreign Service, and has been continuously in Government service since that time. He was assigned in 1941 to the American Embassy at Lima, Peru, and shortly thereafter became engaged in various wartime economic activities.

Upon returning to the United States in 1944, he applied for a commission in the U.S. Navy and was commissioned an ensign.

In 1946, he returned to the Department of State and was assigned to Washington. In 1949, he was Deputy Executive Director of the Bureau of American Republics Affairs. From 1950 until 1954, he was Chief of the Division of Foreign Reporting. In 1954-55, he attended the National War College.

In 1955, Mr. Burris joined the Bureau of Public Affairs as a special assistant to the Assistant Secretary in charge of that Bureau. He later became Director of the Policy Plans and Guidance Staff. In September 1961, he was designated Deputy Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs and continues in charge of that staff's activities.

Mr. Burris is married and has four children.

TESTIMONY OF PHILIP H. BURRIS, DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE FOR PUBLIC AFFAIRS

BURRIS STATEMENT

Senator STENNIS. Mr. Burris, you have, I believe a prepared statement?

Mr. BURRIS. Yes, sir; I do.

Senator STENNIS. Would you proceed with it now?

Mr. BURRIS. Yes, sir.

Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, I am Philip H. Burris. My position is that of a Deputy Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs in the Department of State. My chief responsibility is the direction of the work of the Policy Plans and Guidance Staffa unit in the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, under whose general supervision our staff functions.

I have been in the service of the Federal Government continuously since the summer of 1941. Since 1946, I have served in the Department of State in Washington in various capacities. I have been in the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs for the last 7 years. During this time, I became generally aware that speeches by officials of other agencies, if they were concerned with foreign policy, were reviewed in the Department of State, and also that the Bureau of Public Affairs was the coordinating point in the Department of State. In late October 1960, the speech review responsibility was assigned to the staff which I head.

Under Secretary Ball and Assistant Secretary Tubby have already described the organization of the Department of State as it relates to the review of speeches and the general procedures followed.

I should like, if I may, to make one brief observation. The speeches we review have a great many references to communism. This is quite natural because, as we are all aware, communism is at the root of the most crucial problems with which both the Departments of State and Defense must deal. A reading of the entire texts of these speeches, however, will reveal that, after passing through the De

partment of State review process, many strong and extensive references to the Communist threat remain as originally drafted.

Witnesses before your committee have on several occasions already indicated that in their view the basic message and intent were not impaired in the review process.

Mr. Chairman, I shall be happy to answer any questions.

Senator STENNIS. All right, Mr. Burris, we will follow the regular

course.

Mr. Kendall?

EXAMPLES OF ANTI-COMMUNIST STATEMENTS APPROVED BY STATE

Mr. KENDALL. Mr. Burris, I am particularly interested in your statement that after passing through the review process of the Department of State, many strong and extensive references to the Communist threat remain as originally drafted.

I wonder if it would be an imposition to ask you to prepare for the record some examples of these statements? Mr. BURRIS. Yes, sir; we shall be glad to do so. (The information requested is as follows:)

ILLUSTRATIONS OF ANTI-COMMUNIST STATEMENTS IN DEFENSE SPEECHES WHICH REMAINED AFTER DEPARTMENT OF STATE REVIEW

Place: Ann Arbor.

Speaker: Rear Adm. T. Andrew Ahroon

Date delivered: May 17, 1961.

Wording:

(P. 2:) “* * * There are many things which might and do threaten us, but I do not speak of these individual threats. I speak only of communism which rolls all these lesser evils into one big total and absolute threat."

(P. 3:) "The threats to us which are inherent in communism are so many and varied that there is no single method by which all of them can be countered. Different situations will call for different types of weapons to meet them. If an enemy meets a strong line he may unleash an end run. If he meets strong defenses, is deterred on these frontal attacks, he tries other things-subversion, propaganda, economic warfare, fostering decadence, undermining ideals, poohpoohing dignity, democracy."

Place: Long Beach.

Speaker: Hon. Stephen Ailes

Date delivered: April 15, 1961.

Wording:

(P. 6:) "In the Western World we have thought in terms of containment, of preserving the status quo, of holding out against growing Communist expansion. The Communist thinks and talks of taking over the world."

Place: San Diego.

Speaker: Adm. G. W. Anderson

Date delivered: August 21, 1961.
Wording:

(P. 3-4:) "One of the sternest realities for our generation-and one which undoubtedly will test the stamina of future generations-is the grim challenge which atheistic communism poses to the free world. While there is little to be gained by belaboring the obvious-we must be well aware that this challenge threatens not only our own national goals-but relentlessly seeks the overthrow of all free society-and the subjection of free men everwhere.

"In the past the most dramatic-and certainly the most publicized form of this grave Communist threat-has been the possibility of general nuclear war. We have constantly associated heightened world tensions with all-out war-and our Nation-in conjunction with our allies-has created a mighty nuclear retaliatory capability with which to deal with such a contingency.'

Speaker: Adm. Arleigh Burke

Place: Tonkawa, Okla.

Date delivered: May 19, 1960.

Wording:

(P. 2:) "For today-you enter a world-threatened by the ruthless--aggressive expansion of communism-of Communist imperialism."

(P. 3:) "The Communists know this. They know they can be successful— only if they get us to lower our standards get us to abandon our moral principles. This is one of communism's methods-in its move toward world domination."

(P. 6:) "Remember the word-competitive. It is the key that sets the stage for the contest-a contest between a free society and a slave society. We must outperform the Communists-or pay the price. That price is only too obvious. It is the desperate plight of the enslaved-living almost without hope on the edges of the free world."

Place: Washington, D.C.

Date delivered: November 3, 1960.
Wording:

(P. 2:) "Meanwhile the Communist conspiracy steps up its pressure. Andas communism continues its program of infiltration-of subversion-and aggression-to bring about its unremitting goal-the goal of world domination—our own national responsibilities increase."

Place: Chicago.

Date delivered: November 18, 1960.

Wording:

(P. 13:) "*** We all know the Communists seek to dominate the entire world. Since they cannot do it by military means-they have directed their energies into other channels.

"Today-the real struggle is one of competition-a grim competition that embraces every aspect of human endeavor."

Place: Saranac Lake.

Date delivered: July 11, 1961.

Wording:

(Pp. 6-7 :)

"Today we face a tough-determined-implacable foe. Our Communist opponents have capacity-and strength. Through totalitarian methods-a Communist society can focus its efforts and develop its resources with a great singleness of purpose.

"There is only one way to lick such an opponent. You can't win a competition with the Communists-by outhating them-or by outthreatening or outshouting them. We're not going to preserve our way of life with words. The only way to insure that communism will be merely-a passing phase in history-is by outperforming the Communists.

"Since we can't-and we shouldn't-avoid this competition-since the free world is irrevocably committed-we're going to have to win it. We must win this competition in space and science-win it in the fields of production and industry-win it in education-in culture-in athletics-win it anywhere we find the challenge.

"There's no question that we can win. We have the talents-the abilities-the skills. We have the strength and the resources. We have the way-but we must also have the will. Because all the talents-all the resources in the worldcount for nothing unless we are willing to bring them to bear-unless we enthusiastically put them to work."

Place: Chicago.

Speaker: Lt. Gen. Joseph F. Carroll

Date delivered: February 26, 1961.

Wording:

(P. 1:) “* * * we are now engaged in a struggle with the Communist world for our national survival."

(Pp. 3-4:) "* *.* communism has steadily probed for soft spots in free world defenses in the Middle East, in Asia, in Indonesia. There were times when tensions erupted into open violence, as in Korea. Today the area around Formosa simmers: the pot boils in Laos, in Africa, and in Cuba.

"There is no gainsaying the fact that the United States today faces the most serious threat in its history-a powerful enemy committed to world domination and prepared to use force, if necessary, to attain that end * * *.*

Place: Wichita.

Speaker: Maj. Gen. C. G. Dodge

Date delivered: May 10, 1961.
Wording:

(P. 1:) "*** Regardless of the tactics used, I am sure of one thing: that this ultimate objective of the Communists to dominate the world will not change.". (P. 2:) “*** Until the recent past, Communist aggression has been restricted primarily to areas adjacent to the Iron Curtain. More recently, however, they have adopted a new tactic. They have leapfrogged free and uncommitted nations and extended their military influence to such widely separated portions of the world as the Congo and now along our very shores in Cuba.”"

Place: Orlando, Fla.

Speaker: Maj. Gen. George T. Duncan

Date delivered: April 11, 1961.

Wording:

(P. 3:) “At the same time our foreign policy was undergoing these major changes, a great shift was taking place in the world balance of power. The collapse of our former enemies left unprotected nations as inviting vacums (sic) for communism. Liberated nations and wartime allies, their lands and peoples devastated and weakened by war, also were tempting targets for aggression. "With growing concern, our Government witnessed the aggressive attempts to take over Greece in 1947; the coup in Czechoslovakia and the Berlin blockade in 1948; the seizure of mainland China in 1949; and then the attempt to seize South Korea and Indochina in 1950.

"As our foreign policy commitments changed and grew greater to meet the growing Communist challenge, it became apparent that corresponding changes were necessary in our supporting military policy."

Place: New York City.

Speaker: Gen. George H. Decker

Date delivered: March 18, 1961.
Wording:

(P. 3:) "International communism has been quick to inject its influence wherever these unstable conditions are found. Throughout the years, the disciples of Marx and Lenin have become masters at instigating and managing social conflict, utilizing every opportunity to exploit the growing political, economic, and psychological power of communism. And, in recent years, these efforts have been backed by a wide range of military force. The rapid and monumental growth of Sino-Soviet power and influence during the past half century accentuates Communist thirst for expansion, and heartens their belief in ultimate victory. It was only last December that the leaders of 81 Communist parties reiterated their basic goal of world domination. Following their usual illusive line, they stated that it may be possible to achieve their aims by peaceful methods and that perhaps general war is not inevitable. Yet, they quickly add other types of war-local and limited-cannot be ruled out as a means for assuring continued and constant progress toward their objective and they announce their support of armed insurrection which they call wars of national liberation. Sino-Soviet actions during the past year-in Laos, the Congo, Cuba, and elsewhere demonstrate the global and diversified nature of their intense interest in the spread of their doctrine. They have disclosed their intention to interject themselves as "conflict managers" wherever the opportunity appears.

"In my judgment, we can expect these "managers" to take their time in proceeding with a deliberate but methodical program for expansion of power, influence, and control. In the past, the Communists have operated for the most part in conformance with their concept of protracted conflict. They seem to be willing to accept numerous tactical defeats-so long as these specific setbacks are not barriers to their eventual strategic victory."