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TOPICAL SUMMARY

I: INTRODUCTION

II: FIRST STEPS TOWARD A POLICY: The Principle of
Trusteeship.

The Achievement at End of the First Year

The Secretary of War's Committee

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The earliest planning for peacetime use of atomic energy— membership and advisers—the proposed legislation-Secretary of War Patterson's testimony before the Senate Special Committee unpublished report quoted in Acheson-Lilienthal study-summary of achievements before bombing of Hiroshima The Concern for Peaceful Development

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Military services aware from very first of need for wider
development-Secretary Patterson before the House Military
Affairs Committee, October 9, 1945-his remarks before the
Senate Special Committee, February 14, 1946-his radio
addresses of March 9 and July 22, 1946-reference to similar
views on need for international control

Statements on the Bombing of Hiroshima, August 6, 1945

The Potsdam Declaration-President Truman on August 6 warns Japan of continued bombing, calls attention to peacetime possibilities, and declares need for legislation-Secretary of War Stimson gives details of research effort and declares new power will be used wisely in the interests of peace Ratification of the United Nations Charter, August 8, 1945.

United States first to complete such action-basic foreign
policy brought to a focus—a timely significance in a rapid series
of events-President Truman, on September 1, states skill and
energy which produced bomb can be applied toward building
peace

Report to the Nation on the Berlin Conference, August
9, 1945.

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President Truman explains why the United States developed
and used the atomic bomb and why it is too dangerous to be
let loose in a lawless world-"We must constitute ourselves
trustees of this new force"

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II: FIRST STEPS TOWARD A POLICY-Continued Understanding and Adjustment, August 6 to October 3, 1945.

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Realization of necessary action came slowly-three reasons
for the delay-understanding aided by Secretary Patterson's
order releasing scientists from strict security regulations, but
this did not come until October 20-unrealistic proposals-
public opinion polls indicate later shift in public understand-
ing-three major documents of information-the Executive
order on radioactive minerals-reports on the bombing
damage in Japan-need for more information and closer
study met in plans for exhaustive Congressional hearings on
atomic energy legislation

The Message to Congress on Atomic Energy

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Message read on October 3, 1945-immediate action requested
on domestic and international fronts—asks for legislation
creating a National Atomic Commission with certain powers-
decision announced that United States Government will not
wait for the United Nations to begin functioning-reasons for
immediate action-discussions on atomic energy to be initiated
with Great Britain and Canada-summary of policy achieve-
ment to date

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Domestic and international aspects of atomic energy control brought into one frame of reference-the United States the only nation that can proceed on more than a theoretical basis Plans for National Control

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The May-Johnson bill-second McMahon bill introduced De-
cember 20, 1945

The Senate's Special Committee on Atomic Energy . . .
Hearings on all atomic energy legislation centered in one com-
mittee, November, 1945, to April, 1946-charged with con-
tinuing study and investigation—summary of information
brought out in the hearings—conclusions of the Committee—
adopts McMahon bill as working basis-the provisions of the
McMahon bill for "International Arrangements"

The President's Letter to Senator McMahon, February 1,
1946.

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Recommends in greater detail the "essential" elements of
atomic energy legislation-requests exclusively civilian Com-
mission; exclusive Government ownership of fissionable ma-
terials; compulsory non-exclusive licensing of private patents;
genuine freedom of research-suggests that Commission be in
a position to carry out international agreements relating to
inspection, control, and information-McMahon bill passed
by both Houses and signed on August 1, 1946-bill meets
substantially all standards set by the President—summary of
aid given by national considerations of control

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IV: PROGRESS TOWARD INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT: Oc-
tober 1945 Through January 1946 . . .

The lack of international machinery for achieving agreement-
United Nations officially in existence on October 24, 1945-ex-
pectations that first sessions would be limited to procedural
matters-atomic energy discussions could not wait, hence
invitations sent to Prime Ministers Attlee and King to attend
a three-nation conference in Washington

A Reaffirmation of Policy, October 27, 1945 :

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President Truman in Navy Day address declares possession of
the bomb "a sacred trust" and does not alter the basic foreign
policy of the United States-that policy a "friendly partner-
ship"-warning against disillusionment-answers to the prob-
lems raised by atomic energy must be found in partnership
with all the peoples of the United Nations
The Three-Nation Agreed Declaration, November 15,1945.
The conference in Washington-summary of the proposals and
conclusions-the exchange of information; details of indus-
trial applications withheld-the proposal that a United Nations
Commission study the problems of atomic energy and pre-
pare recommendations in the separate stages proposed for the
Commission's inquiry-Secretary Byrnes in speech of Novem-
ber 16 warns against wishful thinking, discusses the condi-
tions for the release of detailed information, and makes specific
disclaimer of "atomic diplomacy"

The Moscow Proposals, December 16-26, 1945. .

The Moscow meeting of the Council of Foreign MinistersSecretary Byrnes' report to the nation, December 30, 1945— proposal for a United Nations Commission on Atomic Energy contained in Three-Nation Agreed Declaration accepted with few amendments by Soviet Government-the proposed relationship with the Security Council-Secretary Byrnes emphasizes need for safeguards at every stage-membership of the Commission-proposal sponsored by six Governments The President's State of the Union Message, January 14, 1946. .

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Whole-hearted support of United Nations reiterated-origin
of proposal for U.N. Atomic Commission recalled-guiding
principles of United States foreign policy as presented in
Navy Day address repeated to Congress-to "build and pre-
serve a just peace" declared the dominant objective of United
States policy

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