Striking First: Preemptive and Preventive Attack in U.S. National Security PolicyRand Corporation, 25 сент. 2006 г. - Всего страниц: 344 RAND Project AIR FORCE studied the post-9/11 shift in U.S. defense policy emphasis toward preemptive and preventive attack, asking under what conditions preemptive or preventive attack is worth considering as a response to perceived threats. It considered the role such first-strike strategies are likely to play in future U.S. national security policy. Finally, it identified implications these conclusions have for military planners and policymakers as they prepare to deal with national security threats in the next decade. |
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Стр. xii
... actions within an ongoing conflict that are intended to reduce the enemy's capabilities or to achieve other effects by acting before the enemy launches an attack or takes some other undesirable action, such as deploying or dispersing ...
... actions within an ongoing conflict that are intended to reduce the enemy's capabilities or to achieve other effects by acting before the enemy launches an attack or takes some other undesirable action, such as deploying or dispersing ...
Стр. xvi
... action is clearly legal, this generally confers considerable legitimacy upon it. However, an action may also be considered legitimate if it is perceived to be undertaken for a moral purpose, even if it does not strictly accord with the ...
... action is clearly legal, this generally confers considerable legitimacy upon it. However, an action may also be considered legitimate if it is perceived to be undertaken for a moral purpose, even if it does not strictly accord with the ...
Стр. xvii
... actions have appeared even moderately attractive have been relatively few and far between. However, both changing international conditions and the distinctive attitudes and beliefs of the current administration make the United States ...
... actions have appeared even moderately attractive have been relatively few and far between. However, both changing international conditions and the distinctive attitudes and beliefs of the current administration make the United States ...
Стр. xix
... action such as gaining control of a nuclear weapon—is generally an easy policy decision, and such preemption is likely when sufficient information about the terrorists' identities, locations, or plans is available. Such attacks are ...
... action such as gaining control of a nuclear weapon—is generally an easy policy decision, and such preemption is likely when sufficient information about the terrorists' identities, locations, or plans is available. Such attacks are ...
Стр. xxvii
... action officers, Lt Col Ronald Sanders, Lt Col Jay Kreighbaum, and Maj Michael Pietrucha, provided indispensable support and advice. We also received helpful feedback from a number of other USAF Air Staff officers and employees ...
... action officers, Lt Col Ronald Sanders, Lt Col Jay Kreighbaum, and Maj Michael Pietrucha, provided indispensable support and advice. We also received helpful feedback from a number of other USAF Air Staff officers and employees ...
Содержание
1 | |
3 | |
6 | |
Preventive Attack | 8 |
Anticipatory Attack | 10 |
Anticipatory Attack Versus Operational Preemption | 14 |
Studying Preemptive and Preventive Attack | 15 |
The Best Defense? When and Why States Strike First | 19 |
Changing Perceptions of Power and Threats | 93 |
Persistent Obstacles to Striking First | 94 |
Anticipatory Attacks After Operation Iraqi Freedom | 96 |
Anticipatory Attack in Future National Security Strategies | 98 |
Leading Scenarios for US Anticipatory Attack | 99 |
Striking Violent Nonstate Actors to Avert Terrorism | 101 |
Attacking States to Limit the Spread of Weapons of Mass Destruction | 103 |
Political Consequences of Anticipatory Attack | 105 |
Prevention and Preemption in International Politics | 20 |
Preemptive War and FirstStrike Advantage | 22 |
Preventive War and the Balance of Power | 29 |
The Costs Benefits and Risks of Anticipatory Attack | 32 |
The Advantage of Striking First | 33 |
The Certainty of the Threat | 36 |
Weighing the Pros and Cons of Anticipatory Attack | 38 |
Attacking in SelfDefense Legality and Legitimacy of Striking First | 43 |
International Law | 48 |
Legal Use of Force | 50 |
Force Authorized by the Security Council | 51 |
SelfDefense | 52 |
Proportionality | 54 |
Necessity | 55 |
Alternative Standards for Anticipatory SelfDefense | 59 |
Anticipatory Attack Against Nonstate Actors | 66 |
Entering Other States to Attack Nonstate Actors | 67 |
The Significance of Legality | 71 |
The UN Security Council | 74 |
The International Criminal Court | 75 |
Legitimacy | 86 |
Conclusion | 89 |
Preemptive and Preventive Strategies in Future US National Security Policy Prospects and Implications | 91 |
Rhetoric and Reality | 92 |
Anticipatory Attack and Future US Defense Planning | 107 |
Intelligence Requirements for Striking First | 109 |
Other Military Capabilities for Anticipatory Attack | 112 |
The Importance of Operational Preemption | 114 |
Dangers of Relying on Preemptive and Preventive Attack | 115 |
Preemptive Attack as a Threat to the United States | 116 |
The Nexus of Politics and War | 118 |
US Preventive Attack Cases | 121 |
US Consideration of Preventive Attack Against China | 152 |
The Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 | 171 |
The Invasion of Grenada 1983 | 182 |
Israeli Preemptive and Preventive Attack Cases | 189 |
The Sinai Campaign 1956 | 191 |
The SixDay War 1967 | 198 |
The October War 1973 | 206 |
The Osirak Raid 1981 | 211 |
Counterterrorist Anticipatory Attack Cases | 219 |
The Israeli Assassination Attempt Against Khaled Mishal 1997 | 220 |
The Tirana Raids 1998 | 229 |
Hellfire Strike in Yemen 2002 | 241 |
The Jordanian Crackdown in Maan 2002 | 256 |
NSS Statements on Preemptive and Preventive Attack | 267 |
References | 271 |
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action adversary affect aggression Air Force al Qaeda Albania allies American Amman anticipatory attack anticipatory self-defense Arab armed benefits bombing capabilities Chiefs of Staff China Chinese conflict considered Cuba Cuban missile crisis decision decisionmakers Defense deterrence different difficult effect efforts Egypt Egyptian enemy attack factors fight fighting first strike first-strike advantage Foreign Relations Grenada Hamas imminent intelligence International Criminal Court International Crisis Group international law invasion Iraq Iraqi Islamic Islamists Israel Israeli Jordan Jordanian Kennedy Khrushchev launch Mishal Moscow National Security Affairs National Security Strategy nonstate actors North Korea nuclear weapons October offensive offer officials operations options Osirak Palestinian policymakers potential preemption Preemptive and Preventive preemptive attack preemptive wars President preventive attack Qaeda raids require Security Council significant Soviet Union specific state’s striking first sufficient targets Terrorism terrorist tion U.S. Department U.S. leaders U.S. national United Nations Washington weapons of mass Yemen York