it functions as an agent of the Secretary of Defense with authority to make d cisions having the force and effect of acts of the Secretary.

Against this background, the remaining chapters are devoted to a descri tion of the functional organization of the Department of the Navy for the di charge of its statutory responsibility in support of national security.

PART II

THE NAVAL ESTABLISHMENT

The Department of the Navy is alternatively referred to as the NAVAL STABLISHMENT. Geographically, and organizationally, it consists of ree principal parts: the OPERATING FORCES, NAVY DEPARTMENT, d SHORE ESTABLISHMENT (Chart B).

The OPERATING FORCES are composed of the several fleets, seagoing rces, sea frontier forces, district forces, and such of the shore activities of the avy and other forces and activities as may be assigned to it.

The NAVY DEPARTMENT is the executive part of the NAVAL ESABLISHMENT located in Washington, D. C. It is the headquarters from hich stems the over-all policy, command, administrative, and logistic direcon of both the OPERATING FORCES and the SHORE ESTABLISHENT; and is made up of the several bureaus, boards and offices of the departent, the Headquarters of the Marine Corps, and the Headquarters of the oast Guard (when assigned to the Navy).

The SHORE ESTABLISHMENT comprises the field activities of the AVY DEPARTMENT ashore, and includes all such activities not assigned the OPERATING FORCES. These are the activities distributed throughit the United States and outlying territories for the purpose of maintaining, ipplying, equipping, repairing, overhauling and rendering similar services in Ipport of the OPERATING FORCES.

It is on the OPERATING FORCES that rests the broad responsibility of ilfilling the Navy's role in support of fundamental national policies and inrests throughout the world. Hence, in a very true sense, both the NAVY EPARTMENT and the SHORE ESTABLISHMENT exist for the purpose supporting the OPERATING FORCES.

The Executive Organization

The NAVAL ESTABLISHMENT is under the supervision and direction f the Secretary of the Navy and is administered by him as an independent ex

ecutive department of the United States Government, subject to the gene direction, authority and control of the Secretary of Defense.

In addition to the Secretary, the Navy's top executive organization co sists of his (a) Civilian Executive Assistants and (b) Naval Professional sistants. These officials are responsible for such duties as may be prescribed law, by Executive Order, or as assigned by the Secretary.

The Civilian Executive Assistants are the Under Secretary, Assista Secretary for Air, Assistant Secretary, and Administrative Assistant to t Secretary. The positions of the Under and Assistant Secretaries, which a created by law are, as is the case with the Secretary, filled by appointment the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.

The position of the Administrative Assistant was created by directive the Secretary and is filled by his appointment.

The Naval Professional Assistants fall into two categories as follows:

a. Naval Command Assistant, who is the Chief of Naval Operatio (CNO) and

b. Naval Technical Assistants, which include the Chiefs of Bureau the Commandant of the Marine Corps, the Judge Advocate General, t Chief of Naval Research, the Chief of Naval Material, and the Comma dant of the Coast Guard (when assigned to the Navy).

Of these, the CNO, Chiefs of Bureaus, Commandants of the Marine Corps a Coast Guard, and the Judge Advocate General are appointed by the Pre ident with the advice and consent of the Senate.

Responsibilities of the Executive Organization

The broad responsibilities of the NAVAL ESTABLISHMENT, aı hence, of the Secretary, his Civilian Executive and Naval Professional A sistants, are best expressed in terms of fundamental naval policy as announce in July 1948:

"To maintain the Navy and Marine Corps, as a part of the Nation Military Establishment, in sufficient strength and readiness to fulfill i responsibilities as set forth in the National Security Act of 1947 and t 'Functions of the Armed Forces and the Joint Chiefs of Staff' issued 1 the Secretary of Defense on 21 April 1948."

From the above statement of fundamental naval policy evolve four bas tasks, responsibility for which has been divided among the Secretary, his C