PART I ORGANIZATION FOR NATIONAL SECURITY The National Security Act of 1947 (Public Law 253, 80th Congress, 1st ession, approved by the President on 26 July 1947) has a far reaching effect on le future of Naval Administration. In order to assist the President in the scharge of his broad responsibility for National Security, the law created the ATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL, including the Central Intelligence gency, and the NATIONAL SECURITY RESOURCES BOARD. The Oranization for National Security is shown in Chart A. Further created by the same law was the NATIONAL MILITARY ESABLISHMENT headed by a Secretary of Defense. The NATIONAL ILITARY ESTABLISHMENT includes three major operating compoents; the Department of the Army and the Department of the Air Force rough splitting the former Department of War, and the Department of the avy (Chart A-1). Each is administered as an individual executive departent under a Secretary appointed by the President with the consent of the enate. As integral parts, however, of the NATIONAL MILITARY ESABLISHMENT, they are subject to the general direction, authority and ontrol of the Secretary of Defense but with the proviso that the Secretary of ach Department retain the right of free access to the President. To assist the Secretary of Defense in coordinating the efforts of these three epartments, four agencies were additionally created, and complete the organiation of the NATIONAL MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT. These are the VAR COUNCIL; the JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF, including a Joint taff; the RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BOARD; and the MUNIIONS BOARD. A summarization of the duties of these several agencies follows. National Security Council This Council reports directly to the President for the purpose of advisig him relative to the integration of domestic, foreign and military policies ertaining to national security. It has the responsibility to consider, assess and ppraise the over-all foreign and domestic situations pertaining to national security and to make recommendations to the President on such matters. also performs additional functions as the President may direct for the purpo of more effectively coordinating the policies and functions of all departmen and agencies of the Government in matters relating to national security. In addition to the President who is a member of the Council, its membe ship is significantly composed of the heads of departments and agenci primarily responsible for various aspects of national security. Thus, in th Council all major considerations affecting national security, including polit cal, economic and military factors, are evaluated as a basis for recommendatio to the President. It is expected that normally the Council will draw largely on existing de partments and agencies (many of whose heads are included in the Council membership) for its basic information. Thus, its Secretariat will be largel concerned with analysis and correlation of information already available i the Government and the orderly preparation of these data for consideration b the Council. Central Intelligence Agency This Agency reports directly to the NATIONAL SECURITY COUN CIL. In support of its general mission of coordinating intelligence activitie of departments and agencies concerned with national security, this Agenc has the following duties: (a) advises the NATIONAL SECURITY COUN CIL in matters concerning such intelligence activities of the Government de partments and agencies as relate to national security, (b) recommends coordi nation of such intelligence activities to the NATIONAL SECURITY COUN CIL, (c) performs intelligence services where this can be done more efficientl on a centralized basis, and (d) correlates and evaluates intelligence affectin national security and provides for appropriate dissemination of such intelli gence within the Government. National Security Resources Board This Board reports to the President, and has the responsibility of advisin him concerning the coordination of military, industrial, and civilian mobiliza tion. Its broad field covers the mobilization and utilization of all national re sources in case of war and balancing the requirements of the NATIONAL MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT against essential civilian needs. Thus, i the event of war, it is the parent coordinating agency between military de mands and civilian requirements for manpower, resources, and productive faci ities. In addition to the chairman who is appointed from civilian life by the resident, with the approval of the Senate, the Board membership is composed the heads of such departments and agencies as the President designates. By xecutive Order No. 9905, dated November 13, 1947, the President designated members the following officials whose respective departments are vitally oncerned with various aspects of the nation's resources: Secretary of the Treasury Secretary of Interior Secretary of Agriculture Secretary of Commerce Secretary of Labor The Board will utilize the facilities and resources of the department and gencies of the Government. The Board will be largely concerned with (a) nalysis and correlation of data necessary to the formulation of plans, policies nd programs concerning the coordination of military, industrial and civilian hobilization, and (b) the preparation of reports outlining and recommending uch plans, policies, and programs for consideration by the Board and submison to the President. As a member of the Cabinet and the principal assistant to the President in ll matters relating to national security, the Secretary of Defense is responible for (a) general policies and programs for the NATIONAL MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT, (b) general direction, authority and control over the Establishment, and (c) supervision and coordination of budget estimates and rograms. He is also required to take appropriate steps to eliminate unnecesary duplication or overlapping between the three departments. The Act in Section 2, "Declaration of Policy", states in part that it is the intent of Conress "to provide for their authoritative coordination and unified direction nder civilian control but not to merge them". The Act further states in part, n Section 202(a), that "all powers and duties relating to such departments Lot specifically conferred upon the Secretary of Defense by this Act shall be reained by each of their respective secretaries." The Act has provided for three Special Assistants to the Secretary of Deense, appointed by him and assigned such duties and responsibilities as he nay elect. The Office of the Secretary of Defense is staffed to discharge not nly the responsibilities of that office explicit in the Act but also those implicit n his responsibility for over-all coordination. War Council The Secretary of Defense is Chairman of this Council and has the pow of decision. Other members are the Secretary of the Army; the Secretary the Navy; the Secretary of the Air Force; the Chief of Staff, United Stat Army; the Chief of Naval Operations; and the Chief of Staff, United Stat Air Force. The Council advises the Secretary of Defense on matters of broad poli relating to the armed forces, and considers and reports on such other matte as he directs. This body performs in the NATIONAL MILITARY ESTA LISHMENT for the Secretary of Defense much in the same manner that th NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL does for the President. Joint Chiefs of Staff This Staff consists of the Chief of Staff, United States Army; the Chief Naval Operations; the Chief of Staff, United States Air Force; and the Chi of Staff to the Commander in Chief, if there be one. The Joint Chiefs of Staf act as the principal military advisers to the President and to the Secretary Defense. The Joint Chiefs of Staff is basically responsible for military strategy an the preparation of strategic and logistic plans. Its logistic plans, which a prepared in support of its strategic plans, are the beginning of the material r quirements planning cycle. The Joint Chiefs of Staff is also responsible for th assignment of logistic responsibilities to the Military Services, the establish ment of unified commands, and the formulation of policies for joint trainin and for coordinating the education of members of the military forces. The Joint Chiefs of Staff is assisted by a Joint Staff which is restricted t not more than one hundred officers, and composed of approximately equa numbers of officers from each of the three armed services. The Joint Staff ha no command authority. It is headed by a Director appointed by the Join Chiefs of Staff who directs the staff work as a full-time executive. Munitions Board The Chairman of the Munitions Board is appointed by the President fro civilian life, with the approval of the Senate. Other members are an Under Se retary or Assistant Secretary from each of the three military departments. It is basically responsible for coordinating the procurement, production and distribution plans of the department and agencies of the Establishmen ne assignment of procurement responsibilities; liaison with other departments nd agencies of Government for the proper correlation of military requirehents with the civilian economy, particularly in regard to the stockpiling of ritical materials. Here are brought together, for coordination, the logistic lans of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, detailed material requirements as deterined by each department in support of those plans, and first-hand knowledge f the nation's industrial potential. The Munitions Board will serve as the coordinating agency within the Establishment for official communications to and from the NATIONAL SECURITY RESOURCES BOARD. It is expected that from the Munitions Board will flow much of the basic data needed by the NATIONAL SECURTY RESOURCES BOARD in the discharge of its broader responsibility to he President. On matters of major policy, the Board makes recommendations to the Secetary of Defense. With respect to all other matters within the Board's jurisiction, it functions as an agent of the Secretary of Defense with authority to nake decisions having the force and effect of acts of the Secretary. Research and Development Board The Chairman of the Research and Development Board is appointed by he President from civilian life, with the approval of the Senate. Other memers are two representatives from each of the Departments of the Army, Navy nd Air Force. This Board is the over-all planning and coordinating agency in the field of esearch and development for military purposes. It has the task of assisting he Secretary of Defense in assuring adequate provision for research and develpment in the interest of national security. The Board is responsible for the ormulation of policy; the preparation of complete and integrated research nd development programs; allocation of responsibility to the departments or the conduct of specific programs and projects of joint interest; and the intiation of projects as deemed necessary in the interest of national security. It works in close relation with the Joint Chiefs of Staff in order to correlate esearch and development with strategic and logistic plans; and with the MUNITIONS BOARD so that the latter may at all times be informed of requirenents for materials, components, and production facilities needed to carry out esearch and development programs. On matters of major policy, the Board makes recommendations to the Secretary of Defense. With respect to all other matters within its jurisdiction, |