 | Yoram Dinstein, Fania Domb - 1999 - 300 pages
...in Articles 5l and 57 of the Protocol.31 Proportionality enjoins attacks which "may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to...relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated".32 As with Article 48, terminological imprecision, specifically as to the phrase "concrete... | |
 | Dr. J. H. W. Verziji - 1978 - 572 pages
...similar concentration of civilians or civilian objects; and (b) an attack which may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to...concrete and direct military advantage anticipated." These detailed provisions implement to a certain extent the suggestions of the Commission of Jurists... | |
 | 984 pages
...or decide upon an attack shall "refrain from deciding to launch any attack which may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to...concrete and direct military advantage anticipated." Additional provisions require all feasible precautions to avoid injury to civilians and damage to civilian... | |
 | United States. President - 1982 - 460 pages
...military objective; or c) may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilian*, damage to civilian objects, or a combination thereof,...be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct •llltary advantage anticipated. Radiation produced as a result of exposure to radioactive material,... | |
 | H. F. van Panhuys - 1980 - 510 pages
...amount of collateral civilian damage resulting from attacks against the targets on or near the dyke be "excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated" as a result of the attacks (Art. 57, para. 2). Then, a dyke may itself become a military objective... | |
 | United States. President - 1981 - 514 pages
...means of delivery which cannot be directed at a specific military objective; or c) may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to...concrete and direct military advantage anticipated. Radiation produced as a result of exposure to radioactive material, particularly the capture of neutrons.... | |
 | Yougindra Khushalani - 1982 - 172 pages
...following types of attacks are to be considered as indiscriminate: (b) an attack which may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to...concrete and direct military advantage anticipated. (6) Attacks against the civilian population or civilians by way of reprisals are prohibited. 143. Draft... | |
 | Michael Bothe, Karl Josef Partsch, Waldemar A. Solf - 1982 - 770 pages
...for the formulation of this element. This provision defines what "excessive loss" means, namely an incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians,...combination thereof which would be excessive in relation to concrete and direct military advantage anticipated". This rule of proportionality 12 is applicable... | |
 | 1983 - 812 pages
...similar concentration of civilians or civilian objects ; and (b) an attack which may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to...concrete and direct military advantage anticipated. 496 7. The presence or movements of the civilian population or individual civilians shall not be used... | |
 | Douglas P. Lackey - 1984 - 300 pages
...similar concentration of civilians or civilian objects; and (b) an attack which may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to...concrete and direct military advantage anticipated. 6. Attacks against the civilian population or civilians by way of reprisals are prohibited.15 The language... | |
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... an attack which may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage to civilian objects, or a combination thereof, which would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated. 
