2,484,480 acres, none of which can be sold for less than $10 an acre. An irreducible fund is formed from the proceeds of these sales, having a minimum value of $24,844,800, the interest on which amount can only be used. There were 1,741 public school districts, 1,654 school-buildings, 3,088 teachers, 112,300 pupils, and school property valued at $4,872,710. The teachers' salaries aggregated $881,048. There are more than 50 colleges, endowed academies, and private and denominational schools. Among the higher institutions are the University of Washington, Colfax Coll., (Bap.,) Whitworth Coll., Whitman Coll., (Cong.,) and St. James' Coll., (R. C.) At Ellensburg and Cheney there are normal schools, and at Pullman an agricultural college and school of science. Among the State institutions are a penitentiary at Walla Walla, a soldiers' home at Orting, a reform school at Chehalis, a school for defective youth at Vancouver, and hospitals for the insane at Steilacoom and Medical Lake; besides there are many denominational and private hospitals, homes, orphanages, and other institutions. The R. C. Church leads in membership, the M. E. coming next. Government, etc.-At the same elections at which the vote is taken for President of the U. S. the State officers are elected for four yrs. Commissioners, trustees, etc., are appointed by the Governor. A voter must be a male citizen of the U. S., must reside in the State one yr., in the county six months, and in his voting precinct thirty days before having a right to vote. In Territorial days suffrage was for a short time extended to women, who are still allowed to vote at school elections. There are 34 Senators and 78 Representatives in the Legislature. Principal cities and towns: Seattle, Tacoma, Spokane, Walla Walla, Olympia, Port Townsend, Fair Haven, Whatcom, Vancouver, Ellensburg, and Centralia. GOVERNORS OF WASHINGTON. Isaac J. Stevens, 1853-57. Marshall F. Moore, 1867-69. Watson C. Squire, 1884-88. are inaugurated on the portico in front of the main doorway, which has bronze doors, by Randolph Rogers, representing events in the life of Columbus. The rotunda is 95 ft. in diameter by 180 ft. in h., the canopy bearing frescoes by Brumidi, representing historical and allegorical subjects. The walls of the rotunda are enriched with historical paintings-" Landing of Columbus in 1492," by Vanderlyn; "Embarkation of the Pilgrims at Delfthaven in 1620," by Wier; "Washington Resigning his Commission at Annapolis in 1783," by Trumbull; "Surrender of Cornwallis in 1781," by Trumbull; "Surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga in 1777," by Trumbull; "Signing of the Declaration of Independence," (1776,) by Trumbull; "Baptism of Pocahontas," (1613,) by Chapman; "Discovery of the Mississippi by De Soto in 1541," by Powell. Brumidi's frescoes, in the canopy, represent scenes of American history from the landing of Columbus to the celebration of the Centennial of Independence. There are reliefs above the doors representing the Landing of the Pilgrims, Penn's Treaty with the Indians, Pocahontas and Captain Smith, and Daniel Boone and the Indians. A door on the S. side of the rotunda leads to the National Hall of Statuary, which contains statues of eminent Americans, each State being allowed to send effigies of two of her illustrious sons. In the S. wing of the Capitol is the Hall of Representatives, 139 ft. 1., 93 ft. w., and 36 ft. h. It contains 360 desks for members. and delegates. On the walls are portraits of Washington and Lafayette, pictures by Bierstadt, and frescoes by Brumidi. The galleries can seat 2,500 persons. A door on the N. side of the rotunda leads to the Supreme Court room, once the Senate Chamber. In the N. wing is the present Senate Chamber, which is 113 ft. l., 80 ft. w., and 36 ft. h., and more richly decorated than the Hall of Representatives To the N. of the Senate are the President's room, the Marble Reception Hall, and the Vice-President's room, the first of which is splendidly furnished and decorated. The Senate wing has bronze doors, opening on the N.-E. portico, representing scenes of American history, by Crawford. At the foot of the E. stairway leading to the galleries is a noble statue of Franklin, by Powers; on the wall is a painting by Powell, representing Perry's Victory on Lake Erie, (1813;) there is a statue of John Hancock, by Stone, at the foot of the W. stairway, and on the wall the "Storming of Chapulte pec," (1847,) painted by Walker. On the wall of the E. stairway leading to the House galleries is a large painting, Wash'ington, a city, and the political cap. of the U. S., by Carpenter, of the Signing of the Proclamation of Emanci is built on a commanding site in the District of Columbia, on pation, with portraits of Lincoln and his Cabinet, and on the the Potomac River, in lat. 38° 53′ N. and long. 77° 2' W. W. stairway is Westward Ho!" painted by Leutze; also a from Greenwich; but it is itself a meridian, and many Amer. view of the Golden Gate, by Bierstadt. Throughout the maps reckon their longitude from it. It was founded in vast edifice paintings and frescoes abound. In the Senate 1791; became the seat of government in 1800; it was capt- lobby there is a fine painting by Heaton, representing the ured and burned, Aug. 24, 1814, by the British in the War of Recall of Columbus. There is a colossal statue of Chief1812; the greater part of the Capitol and the Library of Justice Marshall, by Story, at the foot of the steps leading Congress were destroyed by fire on Dec. 24, 1851. The plan from the terrace on the W. side of the Capitol. The new of the city indicates that it was laid out with the view of its Congressional Library, E. of the Capitol, occupies about becoming a vast metropolis-which expectation has as yet three and one half acres, the dimensions being 470 by 340 been only partially realized. The ground upon which it is ft. It is built of white granite, in Renaissance style. The built extends 44 m. N.-W. and S.-E., and 24 m. N.-E. and circular and grandly decorated reading-room is 100 ft. in S.-W., including an area of 11 sq. m. With the Capitol Hill diameter, and there is provision for placing 4,500,000 books. for a center, the architect, L'Enfant, laid out the streets par- Emblematic mural decorations in oil and fresco, with statues allel thereto, running E. and W., lettered from A onward; of men illustrious in literature and science, beautify and another set of streets cross the first at right angles, running N. ennoble the interior. Other edifices are the Treasury buildand S., and are numbered E. and W. of the Capitol, thus: First ing; the building of the State Department, which accommoStreet East, First Street West, etc. The city is supplied with dates the War and Navy Departments; the WASHINGton Monabundance of water from the great falls of the Potomac, 13 m. UMENT, (q. v.;) the General Post-office; the Patent Office; distant. W. has many superb public buildings, chief among the SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, (q. v.,) and the Department of which is the Capitol, which is situated on an eminence called Agriculture. W. is also the seat of the Naval Observatory, Capitol Hill, about 90 ft. above the level of the Potomac on the banks of the river, S.-W. of the White House, of River. It is 751 ft. in 1, from N. to S., and its great- Columbian University, Howard University, the National Deafest w. is 350 ft. It consists of a central edifice of sand- mute College, Insane Asylum for the Army and Navy, and a stone, painted white, and of two wings of white marble, Soldiers' Home. The Arsenal on Greenleaf's Point is one of the whole covering an area of 153,112 sq. ft. The dome is the greatest depots in the country, and the Navy Yard, 14 m. 288 ft. h.; it is crowned by a bronze statue of Freedom S.-E. of the Capitol, covers 30 acres. The Corcoran Art Galover 19 ft. h. The general style of the Capitol is classic, lery, founded by W. W. Corcoran, possesses a magnificent with Corinthian details. The corner-stone of the original collection of statuary and paintings. W. is in communicacentral building was laid by President Washington in 1793, tion with the rest of the country, N., S., E., and W., by with Masonic ceremonies. In 1814 the interior of both means of the following R. Rs.: the Baltimore and Ohio, the wings was destroyed by fire set by the British. The corner- Baltimore and Potomac, and the Alexandria and Washingstone of the extensions was laid in 1851 by President Fill- ton. W. has many fine parks, in which are equestrian and more, Daniel Webster being the orator. The total cost of other statues of eminent men. There is a Zoological Park the building has been more than $16,000,000. The front or on Rock Creek, to the N.-W. of the city, containing 167 E. façade is adorned with sculpture in marble, representing acres, and Rock Creek Park, purchased at a cost of $1,200,the "Discovery of America," the "Settlement of America," | 000, comprises 1,606 acres. As W. is not a manufacturing the "Genius of America," etc. The Presidents of the U. S. or commercial city, the asphalted streets are comparatively E. P. Ferry, 1889-93. John R. Rogers, 1897-1901. quiet, and residences built of late years are specimens of architectural art. Clubs, literary and scientific societies, and charitable institutions are numerous, and the city contains 220 churches. Pop. (1890) 230,392, est. (1897) 300,000. Wash'ington, a borough and the cap. of Washington Co., Pa., 31 m. by rail S.-W. of Pittsburg. It contains various important manufactories; is also the seat of Wash. Female Sem., and of Wash. and Jefferson Coll., (Presb.) Pop. 7,063. Wash'ington, (BOOKER T.,) Pres. of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial School, b. in slavery in Va.; graduated at Hampton Institute 1881. The same year he established his present school, beginning with one teacher and 30 students. In 1895 the school year closed with 66 teachers and 959 pupils. Wash'ington, (BUSHROD, LL.D.,) a nephew of GEORGE W., from whom he inherited the Mount Vernon estate; first president of Amer. Colonization Society; b. 1762, d. 1829. Wash'ington, (GEORGE,) Commander-in-Chief of the Continental forces in the War of the Amer. Revolution, and first President of the U. S., b. in Westmoreland Co., Va., Feb. 22, 1732. His father died when George was about 12 yrs. old, and the latter, at the age of 13, wrote out for his own use 110 maxims of civility and good behavior. He spent his earlier yrs. chiefly with his brother at Mount Vernon, and with Lord Fairfax, who owned great estates in the Va. valley; and in accept pay, but kept a minute account of his personal ex. penses, which were reimbursed by Congress. In 1784 he crossed the Alleghanies to see his lands in W. Va., and planned the James River and Potomac Canals. The shares voted him by the State he gave to endow Washington Coll, at Lexington, Va., and for a university. The early federa. tion of States having failed to give an efficient government W. proposed conventions for commercial purposes, which led to the convention of 1787, of which he was a member, which formed the present federal constitution, considered by him as the only alternative to anarchy and civil war. Under this constitution he was chosen President, and inaugurated at New York, April 30, 1789 At the second presidential election in 1792 he desired to retire, but yielded to the solicitations of the people, and served for four yrs. longer. In 1796 he positively declined a re-election, and on March 4, 1797, returned to Mount Vernon for the quiet of home life. In 1798, when war was threatened with France, the illustrious chief yielded to the demands of his country, and accepted the post of com. manding general of the U. S. forces with the rank of lieuten. ant-general; but a treaty of peace rendered his services unnecessary, and he again returned to his Mount Vernon home. On Dec. 12, 1799, he was exposed in the saddle for several hours to cold and snow, and attacked with acute laryngitis, for which he was repeatedly and largely bled, but sunk rapidly, and died Dec. 14. His last words were characteristic. He said: "I die hard, but am not afraid to go." After some instructions to his secretary about his burial, he became easier, felt his own pulse, and died without a struggle. He was mourned by the whole nation, and deserved the record, "First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his country. men." W. was 6 ft. 2 in. in h., with brown hair, blue eyes, large head, and strong arms; a bold and graceful rider and hunter; attentive to his personal appearance and dignity; gracious and gentle, though at times reserved; childless, but very happy in his domestic re lations and with his adopted children-nephews and nieces. His memory is embalmed in the nation's heart. His grave is at Mount Vernon. An obelisk was erected in his honor in the city of his name, 555 ft. h., and dedicated Feb. 21, 1885. See REVOLUTIONARY WAR. Mount Vernon, residence of George Washington. 1748 he engaged to survey these wild territories for a doubloon a day, camping out for months in the forest, in peril from Indians and squatters. At the age of 19, at the beginning of the Seven Years' War, he was appointed adjutant of the provincial troops, with the rank of major; in 1751 he made his only sea voyage-a trip to Barbadoes-with his brother, Lawrence, who died soon after, and left George heir to his estates at Mount Vernon. At 22 he commanded a regiment against the French, who had established themselves at Fort Duquesne, (now Pittsburg,) and held Fort Necessity against superior numbers until compelled to capitulate. The yr. following, when two regiments of regulars were led against Fort Duquesne by Gen. Braddock, W. volunteered, and at the disastrous ambuscade of July 9, 1755, he was the only aide not killed or wounded. In 1759 he married Mrs. Martha Custis, a wealthy widow, resigned his military appointments, and engaged in the improvement of his estates. He was for some yrs. a member of the Va. Assembly, and in 1774 espoused heartily the cause of the colonists. He spoke seldom and briefly, but Patrick Henry declared him to be, "for solid information and sound judgment, unquestionably the greatest man in the Assembly." The news of the battle of Lexington called the country to arms; and W., then a member of the Continental Congress, was elected commander-in-chief by that body. He hastened to the camp. He was compelled by superior forces at times to retreat, and reduced to the most desperate straits by disaffection, lack of men and supplies, and even cabals against his authority; but by his mildness, calm courage, prudence, firmness, and perseverance he brought the war, with the aid of powerful allies, to a successful termination; and, the independence of the 13 colonies achieved, he retired from the army to Mount Vernon, which he had, during the eight yrs. of war, but once visited. He refused to Washington, Mount. See MOUNT WASHINGTON. Wash'ington and Jefferson College, a union of two colleges, effected by act of Congress, 1865, located re spectively at Washington, Pa., and Canonsburg, the former founded 1806, the latter 1791. Its present location is Washington, Pa. Instructors, 14; students, about 300; volumes in library, 12,000. Wash'ington and Lee Univer'sity, Lexington, Va., was chartered 1782, received gifts and bequests from Washington and others, and took the present form of its name from Gen. Robert E. Lee, its president at the time of his death. It averages 200 students and 17 professors. Wash'ington Mon'ument. This lofty obelisk, the tallest shaft of masonry in the world, was begun in the early summer of 1848 by the Washington National Monument So ciety, after the designs by Robert Mills. The original founda. tion of gneiss was 23.3 ft. thick, 80 ft. square at the base, and 58.6 ft. square at its top. The shaft was started 55 ft. 1.5 in. at the base, with 15 ft. walls, which had a facing of 15 to 18 in. white marble. Work progressed slowly, till, at the close of 1856, the obelisk had been carried to a h. of 156 ft., the expense incurred by the Washington Monument Society having been $300,000. On Jan. 19, 1877, the society con veyed all its property to the U. S. No further work was done till 1878, when the first steps were taken to strengthen the foundation in accordance with plans made by Lieut.-Col T. L. Casey, U. S. Engineers, who had charge of the building of the monument from 1877. This strengthening consisted in enlarging the area of the foundation from 6,400 ft. to 16,000 sq. ft. This was successfully completed in May, 1880, |
