at the exercise in the schools; on which | ter from Tanjore; but I have not had occasion the sermon of the morning was time to conclude it. repeated, and the boys' ollas examined. In consequence of my having ex pressed a wish to hear Sattianaden preach, Mr. Kolhoff had given notice to the congregation, in the morning, that there would be Divine service next day (Monday) at the little chapel, at nine o'clock. Accordingly, the place was crowded at an early hour. There appeared more of a Divine unction in the assembly, on this occasion, than in any of the former. Sattianaden delivered his discourse with much natural eloquence and action, and with visible effect. His subject was, the "marvellous light." He first described the Pagan darkness; then the light of Ziegenbalg; then the light of Swartz; then the efforts making in all lands to produce light; and lastly, the heavenly light, "when there shall be no more need of the light of the sun, nor of the moon," etc. In quoting a passage, he desired a lower minister to read it. Sattianaden listened to it as a record, and then proceeded to the illustration. The responses by the audience were frequently called for. They concluded with a fervent prayer for a blessing on the church of England. After service, I went up to Sattianaden, and took him by the hand; and the old Christians came round about weeping. He said, he was unworthy to preach before his teachers. The people asked me about Bengal, saying, they had heard good news from thence. I told them the news were good; but that Bengal was exactly a hundred years behind Tanjore. Mr. Kolhoff is a man of meek spirit, but of ardent faith, labouring in season and out of season. His congregation is daily increasing. When I was taking leave, he presented to me an agate snuff box, set in gold, which belonged to Mr. Swartz; also the Hebrew Psalms and Greek Testament of that venerable apostle. I intend to offer the Greek Testament to the Rev. Mr. Brown, of Calcutta. Soon after leaving Tanjore, I passed through the woods inhabited by the collaries, or thieves, who are now humanized by the gospel. They were clamorous for a minister, supposing that I could send them one. They have eight churches, and no European minister. Tritchinopoly, Sept. 6, 1806. At this place is the church first built by Swartz, and called by him, "Christ's Church, Tritchinopoly." It is about the size of yours; but the arches supporting the roof, are each twenty feet in length, and the pillars are only one foot two inches in thickness. At this station there are a great number of English, civil and military. On Sunday morning last I preached from these words, "For we have seen his star in the east, and are come to worship him." Dr. John, who followed me to this place from Tanjore, preached afterwards to the Tamul congregation. Next morning a sergeant called on me, who said he had seen the heavenly light in the east, and wanted Bibles for the pious English soldiers. There is a great cry for Bibles in this country, by the native Christians and Europeans. Mr. Pohll, the German missionary here, told me that he could dispose of a thousand Bibles. I proceed from this place to Madras, where the Roman Catholics cover the land. Mr. Pohll tells me, that one of their priests, who was lately in this vicinity, preached the atonement with great clearness and force; in consequence of which he was removed by his superiors. I shall endeavour to find him out. Some of the Romish churches are very corrupt, mingling Pagan superstitions with Romish ceremonies. But it is yet true, that the Jesuits have hewed wood and stone, and drawn water for the Protestant mission. In my letter to you of last year, I wrote to you under the impression that you were about to retire from public duty. But I learn from Mr. Thornton that you are yet enabled to dispense the word of life. That this blessing may be continued to your people, is the prayer of, My dear sir, Your affectionate son, ON DOGS AND CATS. CRUELTY to animals is a reproach to any one, who is hard-hearted enough to give way to it. Little kindness can be expected from him who wilfully sets his foot on a cat's tail, or kicks an unoffending cur. But we may be opposed to cruelty, and yet be friendly to discipline; and I do think that a trifling attention in this respect to domestic animals would greatly improve their manners. Who can enjoy a meal in comfort with a dog's mouth on his knee, watching for every piece he eats, or with a cat rubbing against his legs, mewing aloud, as though she had been famished for the last fortnight? I am fond of talking with dumb creatures, putting such words in their mouths as I think they would use if they were blessed with the power of speech. Let me give an account of a fancied conversation that I held with some dogs and cats yesterday. I had walked a long way, and was both weary and hungry, when I came to a public house by the way-side, which had a trough of water before the door. On a board the words were printed, "Good entertainment for man and horse," so I thought to myself, this opportunity of getting a mutton chop, or a beef-steak, for my dinner must not be lost. In a few minutes I was seated in the little parlour of the public house, with a piece of cold roast beef before me. Being, as I said, very hungry, I felt thankful for such a seasonable supply, and ate of it heartily; but before my meal was half finished, a black pointer dog burst open the door by leaping against it with his fore paws; bounce he came into the room, and, seating himself right | before me, looked up in my face with an expression which seemed to say, "You seem very comfortable, sir, and I dare say the beef is very good; if you have no objection I should vastly like to join you. Our conversation went on thus. 66 Why, Mr. Blackskin, I am, as you say, very comfortable, and I should like you to be comfortable too, but I intend to pay for the beef that I eat, and it will hardly be fair towards your master, should two of us eat his beef, and he receive payment for only one." That's all right, sir, but as I have got no money, and as you would not like, perhaps, to pay for both, I shall be content with a slice or two, and that you know will make but little difference in that large joint. Just one slice, sir, if you please, rather under done; cut it where you like, one part will do for me as well as another." "So far from it that I think, if you will take the matter into consideration, it will appear unreasonable to expect that a big dog like me should be contented with so little a piece. It is very excellent beef; a slice cut from the same place, cut a trifle thicker, would be very acceptable. If you will take measure by my mouth, and the breadth of my chest, you will suit me to a tittle." "This will never do! I by no means feel comfortable at what I am doing. You must not ask me again. Here is one more slice, but it must be the last." Now, whether it was the scuffle made by the black pointer, with his feet, in catching the meat that I jerked with my knife from my fork towards him, or his smack that was heard in the kitchen, I cannot tell, but in an instant, a liver and white spaniel dashed into the room, and, seating himself by the side of his friend, by the expression of his longing eyes thus accosted me. "You seem to me, sir, to be a kindhearted gentleman, and you have got a capital joint before you. How long you may have been feasting my friend Blackskin I cannot tell, but as I am as good a dog as he is, and quite as hungry, I hope that, in a spirit of fairness, you will be as liberal towards me, as you have been towards him. Do not trouble yourself to cut it in thin slices, but give me my share in a lump at once. Do not hesitate; the knife is ready in your hand." It was all in vain that I assured him of the utter impossibility of my acceding to his request, inasmuch as I had already done my conscience some violence in proceeding so far, that it was altogether unreasonable to expect that two dogs and a man should partake of the beef, when there was to be but one paymaster-for he argued the point so tenaciously, that I was fain to compromise the affair, by giving him one slice in liquidation of all real or ideal demands he could have against me. But here I got myself into a double difficulty, for Mr. Blackskin at once contended that the slice I had cut was much thicker and larger than what had been bestowed upon him, while, on the other hand, Mr. Liver-and-white entertained an opinion quite the reverse, being satisfied that his slice must have been considerably thinner and smaller than the one his companion had received. It was a delicate matter for me to constitute myself judge and jury in a case in which my character for impartiality and justice was so deeply implicated; and how the affair would have been adjusted is uncertain, had I not been suddenly placed in a new position by the arrival of a fresh claimant, in the shape of a tortoiseshell cat. In she came, with her tail waving gracefully in the air; but perceiving at a glance how matters stood, she instantly half lowered her tail, at the same time raising the hairs on her neck and back to a degree somewhat inconsistent with the meekness symbolized by her velvet paw and furry skin. Taking precedence of the two dogs, and staring at me with her big round eyes, she thus drew me into conversation. "I will trouble you, sir, for a bit of the beef. Had you reflected for a moment, you must have been convinced that there was such a creature as a cat on the premises, in which case you would not have been so lavish with your favours on two ill-mannerly curs, but have reserved them for me. I have been a cat in this house for seven years, and if either pointer or spaniel shall dare to rob me of my rights I'll Here she turned round to the two dogs, spreading out one of her paws in a way that made them draw back a little. She was indeed on the very point of indulging, 'not only in hasty sounds, but angry deeds. Now, I abhor contention and strife, and to put an end to it, threw down a piece of meat to Mrs. Tortoiseshell, thinking thereby to avert the coming storm; but, alas, things were to go cross with me. Before the piece had disappeared, a half-grown tabby kitten. sprang forward, and seizing the meat in the mouth of her mother, bore it a full half yard distance to devour it, making all the time that loud and rapid purring which in cats is called swearing. For this unseemly conduct not a single reproof did she receive from her mother. I had now Mrs. Tortoiseshell and Miss Tabby, as well as the black pointer and the liver-and-white spaniel for my guests, their speaking faces and glistening eyes all fixed upon me. Miss Tabby, with her tail to her mamma, was the first in "pride of place," and the two dogs sat on their haunches, a little in the rear of Mrs. Tortoiseshell. Dull indeed must I have been, to have misunderstood the conversational glances of the whole group. "You will kindly remember that I have had but one piece," said the spaniel. "But that piece was much larger than the two bits that I had," observed the pointer; "and besides, I am much the bigger dog of the two. "Stand back, will you," cried the mother cat, "or I will put my private mark on your noses, for you have no business in the parlour at all-cats for the parlour, and dogs for the kennel, if you please." Saying this, Mrs. Tortoiseshell again appealed to me for a little beef, as her daughter had in a somewhat ill-mannerly way deprived her of what I had bestowed. Here Miss Tabby advanced a step nearer, with the firm determination that not one morsel should go into her mother's mouth while she remained in the room. At one moment I wished the whole group were a mile off, and at another, that I had the privilege of cutting away at the joint before me, for their benefit, till they were all satisfied. To bring matters to a crisis, I cut four slices of the beef, and letting out one dog at a time, gave him his portion, taking care also that each cat had her piece. After which, ringing the bell, Idirected the attention of the landlady to the joint of beef, telling her I had cut freely, and that she must charge me accordingly. Thus ended my adventure with the dogs and cats, and I left the pot-house with the full conviction that if it be a duty on the part of a guest to behave kindly to the domestic animals of the house he enters, it is a duty also on the part of the host to protect his guests from the annoyance I had endured. Also, as I passed a poor blind man at the door, and put sixpence into his hand, I thought to myself, that the beef might have been much better bestowed on him than the dogs and the cats: I hope I shall remember this another time. REBUKES. OPEN rebukes are for magistrates and courts of justice. Private rebukes are for friends; where all the witnesses of the offender's blushes are blind, and deaf, and dumb.-Feltham. CULTURE OF THE JUDGMENT. THE greater genius and power of memory any one possesses, the more careful should he be not to neglect the cultivation of his judgment.-Bengel. THE MUJELIBE. 66 The Mujelibe. THE Mujelibe was first supposed by Pietro Della Velle to be the Tower of Belus. This traveller examined its ruins, A. D. 1616, and he characterizes the mass as a mountain of ruins," and again, as a huge mountain.' He is supported in his opinion by D'Anville, Rennell, and other high names; but none of them, except Kenneir, possessed any distinct information concerning the Birs Nemroud. The Mujelibe, or, "overturned," is one of the most enormous masses of brick-formed earth, raised by the art and labour of man. According to Rich, the mound is of an oblong shape, irregular in its height, with its sides facing the cardinal points. The measurement of the northern side being two hundred yards in length; the southern, two hundred and nineteen; the eastern, one hundred and eighty-two; and the western, one hundred and thirty-six. The elevation of the south-east or highest angle, he says, is one hundred and forty-one feet. The western face of the building is most interesting, on account of the appearance which it presents. It is a straight wall, that seems to have cased and parapeted this side of the magnificent pile. The south-west angle is rounded off; but whether it was so formed, or it has been thus worn by the NOVEMBER, 1841. hand of time, cannot be stated. On the summit, it is crowned with something like a turret or lantern. The other angles are not so perfect, but it is probable, they were originally thus ornamented. The western face is the easiest, and the northern the most difficult of access. Every portion of this mighty structure, though erected as if it would resist the utmost shock of time, has been torn by the rains, which here fall in torrents, with the force and body of water-spouts, in a terrific manner. The eastern face, particularly, is worn into a deep channel, from the summit to the base. The summit is covered with heaps of rubbish; in digging into which, layers of broken burned brick, cemented with mortar, are discovered, and whole bricks, with antique inscriptions on them, are not unfrequently found. The whole is covered with fragments of pottery, brick, bitumen, pebbles, vitrified scoriæ, and even shells, bits of glass, and mother of pearl. Dens of wild beasts (in one of which Rich found the bones of sheep and other animals) are very numerous among this ruin; and in most of the ravines are numbers of bats and owls. Yes, these mighty buildings, which were once, perhaps, the chambers of royalty, are now the haunts of jackals, and other ferocious animals, reminding us of the awful prediction of the prophet: 2 I "Wild beasts of the desert shall lie there; And their houses shall be full of doleful crea tures; And owls shall dwell there, And satyrs shall dance there. to the element in which they pass their existence, we find much which excites our admiration. A bird is formed for And the wild beasts of the islands shall cry in traversing, on powerful pinions, the wide their desolate houses, And dragons in their pleasant palaces." It may be mentioned that the Hebrew word Sheirim, rendered "satyr" here, is translated by Dr. Henderson "wild goats," and it literally signifies "hairy ones;" a signification still preserved in the Vulgate. In Gen. xxvii. 11, 23, in Lev. iv. 24, xvi. 9, it is applied to the goat; and in Lev. xvii. 7, 2 Chron. xi. 15, to objects of idolatrous worship, perhaps in the form of goats, and translated "devils." It is probable, that in the verse quoted, and in Îsa. xxxiv. 14, some kind of wild goat is intended; but it may be interesting to observe, that Rich, who explored these masses A. D. 1812, heard the oriental account of satyrs while thus employed. He had always imagined the belief of the existence of such creatures to be confined to the mythology of the west; but a Tehohadar who accompanied him accidentally mentioned that, in this desert, there is an animal resembling a man from the head to the waist, and having the thighs and the legs of a goat and a sheep. He also informed him that the Arabs hunt it with dogs, and eat the lower parts, abstaining from the upper, on account of their resemblance to the human species. The belief of the existence of such creatures, however ideal, is by no means rare in the vicinity of the Babylonian wilds.* FISHES Constitute the lowest class of the vertebrate section of the animal kingdom, and, as is well known, are structurally adapted for the water, of which they are naturally tenants. The number of known species is immense, and the variety of form, size, and colouring which they exhibit, is almost as unlimited as their number. Most are carnivorous, preying upon the smaller of their own class, and upon worms, insects, crustacea, and mollusca; but some feed, in part, and some few perhaps exclusively on vegetables, as fuci, etc. When we reflect upon the general conformation and the structure of this extensive class of animals, with reference From "Assyrians and Chaldeans," published by the Religious Tract Society. regions of the air; but the bird is far heavier than the thin element into which it raises itself, and through which it speeds its way; but the bird must rest upon the ground. On the contrary, the fish is nearly of the same specific gravity as the medium in which it dwells; and the effect of gravity is therefore almost counterbalanced by the buoyancy of that medium; we say almost, because the fish is somewhat heavier than a volume of water equal to itself; especially if the water be not that of the sea, or of saline lakes. The least movement of the fish, however, is sufficient to compensate for this trifling difference; and hence, suspended as it were in its native element, and constructed for swimming, as a bird is for flight, the fish does not require, like the latter, extensive wings for its support, which have to be vibrated, by means of voluminous and powerful muscles. The action of organs far more slight, far more circumscribed, comparatively, suffices both to raise the fish in the water, and to guide and steady its movements. But this suspension of the fish in the water, with but the least exertion on its own part, with but a gentle agitation of its fins, is greatly conducive to the animal's advantage, as it regards its progression. The bird has not only to sustain itself. by beating the air with its wings, but by the same strokes, also, to make its way. In the fish, on the other hand, the undivided energies of the instrument of progression (namely, the caudal extremity of the body, and the vertical fin with which it is terminated, and which acts as a vigorous paddle) are devoted exclusively to the work of propelling the animal onwards; and this being the case, it is the more necessary that the instrument in question should be very powerful; and as water is far more dense than air, and requires, therefore, more force, in order to overcome its resistance, hence, also, it is, that the fish has that compressed oval form, pointed anteriorly, and tapering behind, with which we are all familiar, and which is so conspicuous in the rapid salmon, or mackarel, but which in slow moving fishes, or such as creep on the bed of the sea, is more or less departed from. To the same end is the surface of the fish tensely covered with an un |