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[For the National Railroad Passenger Corporation statement of organization, see the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 700]

The National Railroad Passenger Corporation was established to develop the potential of modern rail service in meeting the Nation's intercity passenger transportation needs.

The National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) was created by the Rail Passenger Service Act of 1970, as amended (45 U.S.C. 541), and was incorporated under the laws of the District of Columbia to provide a balanced national transportation system by developing, operating, and improving U.S. intercity rail passenger service.

Amtrak is governed by a nine-member Board of Directors: The Secretary of Transportation serves as an ex officio

member and Amtrak's president serves
as Chairman; three members
(representing labor, State Governors, and
the business community) are appointed
by the President with the advice and
consent of the Senate; two members
represent commuter authorities; and two
members are selected by the preferred
stockholder. The Corporation is managed
by its president along with the executive
vice president, chief financial officer, six
vice presidents, and three chief

executive officers of the strategic business units (SBU's).

The three SBU's, the Northeast Corridor, the Intercity, and the West, were created during Amtrak's

restructuring in the fall of 1994 in order to increase profitability. Each SBU has a chief executive officer who has control over business decisions in his area. The SBU's have been successful in the Northeast Corridor, which has expanded operations south, through Richmond to Newport News.

Amtrak operates an average of 212 trains per day, serving over 540 station locations in 45 States, over a system of approximately 24,500 route miles. Of this route system, Amtrak now owns a right-of-way of 2,611 track miles in the Northeast Corridor (Washington-New York-Boston; New Haven-Springfield; Philadelphia-Harrisburg), and several small track segments in the East, purchased pursuant to the Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973 (45 U.S.C. 701 et seq.) and the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 (45 U.S.C. 801 et seq.).

Amtrak owns or leases its stations and owns its own repair and maintenance facilities. The Corporation employs a total work force of approximately 23,000 and provides all reservation, station, and on-board service staffs, as well as train and engine operating crews. Outside the Northeast Corridor, Amtrak has historically contracted with 21 privately owned railroads for the right to operate over their track and has compensated each railroad for its total package of services. Under contract, these railroads are responsible for the condition of the roadbed and for coordinating the flow of traffic.

In fiscal year 1995, Amtrak transported over 20 million people approximately 5.5 billion passenger miles. In addition, under contracts with several transit

agencies, Amtrak carried over 33 million commuters.

Although Amtrak's basic route system was originally designated by the Secretary of Transportation in 1971, modifications have been made to the Amtrak system and to individual routes that have resulted in more efficient and cost-effective operations. Currently, in the face of ongoing budget constraints, new service will only be added if a State agrees to share any losses associated with the new service or if the new service does not substantially add to Amtrak's need for Federal assistance.

Amtrak began operation in 1971 with an antiquated fleet of equipment inherited from private railroads; some cars were nearly 30 years old. Since then, the fleet has been modernized and new state-of-the-art single- and bi-level passenger cars and locomotives have been added.

Systemwide ridership is steadily rising, and Amtrak is finding it increasingly difficult to meet the demands of increased travel patterns with its limited passenger fleet. To ease these equipment constraints, the Corporation is working to identify innovative funding sources in order to acquire additional passenger cars and locomotives.

There is no rail passenger system in the world that makes a profit; Amtrak is no exception. However, Amtrak has made significant progress in reducing its dependence on Federal support, while at the same time improving the quality of service. Every year Amtrak moves further toward increasing the ratio of its earned revenue to total costs. As a result, Amtrak's appropriation for the current fiscal year is 45 percent below that for fiscal year 1978 (in constant dollars). One of Amtrak's highest priorities is to make the Corporation even more selfsufficient in the future.

For further information, contact the Public Affairs Department, Amtrak, 60 Massachusetts Avenue NE., Washington, DC 20002. Phone, 202-906-3860.

NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22230

Phone, 703-306-1234

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Deputy Assistant Director

Director, Division of Educational System
Reform

Director, Division of Elementary, Secondary,
and Informal Science Education
Director, Division of Graduate Education
Director, Division of Human Resource
Development

Director, Division of Research, Evaluation,
and Communication

Director, Division of Undergraduate
Education

Chief Financial Officer/Director, Office of
Budget, Finance, and Award Management
Deputy Chief Financial Officer

Director, Division of Financial Management
Director, Division of Grants and Agreements
Director, Division of Contracts, Policy, and
Oversight

Director, Budget Division

Director, Office of Information and Resource
Management

Deputy Director

Director, Division of Human Resource

Management

Director, Division of Information Systems

Director, Division of Administrative Services

JANE T. STUTSMAN

PEIRCE A. HAMMOND, Acting

MARGARET B. COZZENS

TERENCE L. PORTER
ROOSEVELT CALBERT

DARYL E. CHUBIN

ROBERT WATSON

JOSEPH L. KULL

ALBERT A. MUHLBAUER
ALBERT A. MUHLBAUER
JOANNE E. ROM, Acting
ROBERT B. HARDY

EDWARD L. BLANSITT
GERARD R. GLASER, Acting

GERARD R. GLASER
JOHN F. WILKINSON, JR.

FRED WENDLING

ROBERT E. SCHMITZ

[For the National Science Foundation statement of organization, see the Federal Register of February 8, 1993, 58 FR 7587-7595; May 27, 1993, 58 FR 30819; May 2, 1994, 59 FR 22690; and Oct. 6, 1995, 60 FR 52431]

The National Science Foundation promotes the progress of science and engineering through the support of research and education programs. Its major emphasis is on high-quality, merit-selected research-the search for improved understanding of the fundamental laws of nature upon which our future well-being as a nation depends. Its educational programs are aimed at ensuring increased understanding of science and engineering at all educational levels, maintaining an adequate supply of scientists, engineers, and science educators to meet our country's needs.

The National Science Foundation was established as an independent agency by the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1861-1875).

The purposes of the Foundation are: to increase the Nation's base of scientific and engineering knowledge and strengthen its ability to conduct research in all areas of science and engineering; to develop and help implement science and engineering education programs that can better prepare the Nation for meeting the challenges of the future; and to promote international cooperation through science and engineering. In its role as a leading Federal supporter of

science and engineering, the agency also has an important role in national policy planning.

The Foundation consists of a National Science Board and a Director. The National Science Board is composed of 24 part-time members and the Director ex officio. Members are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, for 6-year terms. They are selected because of their records of distinguished service and eminence in science, engineering, education, research management, or public affairs to be broadly

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