ATOMIC BOMB AND MISSILE BUILDERS Sales to: Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization, which ran the atomic bomb, missile and chemical weapon factories; Nassr state enterprise, where equipment for enriching atomic bomb fuel was made; Salah Al Din site, where electronic equipment for missiles and atomic bombs was made; Ministry of Defense, which oversaw missile and atomic bomb development. Axel Electronics: capacitors-$84,000 BDM Corporation: computers; computer-assisted design equipment $52,000 Carl Zeiss: microcomputers for mapping-$104,545 Consarc Corporation: computers to run machine tools capable of manufacturing atomic bomb parts (this sale was stopped by Presidential order in June 1990)— $525,550 Data General Corporation: computers for mapping $324,000 Gerber Systems: computers to run machine tools capable of manufacturing atomic bomb and missile parts $367,428 Hewlett Packard: computers for making molds; frequency synthesizers and other equipment useful for operating secured military communications systems— $1,045,500 Honeywell Inc.: computers-$353,333 International Computer Systems: computers for manufacturing, tool design and graphics-$4,497,700 International Computers Ltd.: computers-$687,994 Leybold Vacuum Systems: computer controlled welder used by Iraqis to produce centrifuges for making atomic bomb fuel-$1,400,000 Lummus Crest: Radio spectrum analyzers; design computers; computers for factories producing mustard gas ingredients-$250,000 Rockwell Collins International: equipment for navigation, directional finding, radar communications or airborne communications $127,558 Sackman Associates: computers and instruments capable of analyzing metals and powders for atomic bomb and missile manufacture $60,000 Siemens Corporation: computers and instruments capable of analyzing metals and powders for atomic bomb and missile manufacture $78,000 Spectra Physics: lasers; detection and tracking equipment for lasers -$19,000 Wild Magnavox Satellite Survey: computers for processing satellite images that are useful for military mapping and surveillance $270,000 Zeta Laboratories: quartz crystals for military radar-$1,105,000 MISSILE BUILDERS Sales to: Saad 16, the main missile research site; State Organization for Technical Industry, the procurement organization for missile sites that bought most Scud missile parts and equipment. BDM Corporation: computers; superconducting electronics-$29,405 Carl Schenck: computers $10,228 EZ Logic Data: computers-$27,800 Finnigan MAT: computers that U.N. inspectors believe monitored uranium enrichment for atomic bomb fuel-$483,000 Hewlett Packard: electronic testing equipment; computers; frequency synthesizers; radio spectrum analyzers $599,257 International Computer Systems: computers—$1,375,000 International Imaging Systems: computers for processing satellite data; infrared equipment capable of aerial reconaissance and military surveillance-$688,000 Lummus Crest: computers to aid factory design—$44,320 Perkin-Elmer: computers-$24,560 Scientific Atlanta: equipment for producing radar antennas $820,000 Semetex Corporation: computers $5,155,781 Spectral Data Corporation: satellite data processing equipment $26,880 [Insert from the New York Times, The Week in Review, Sunday, July 18, 1993E5.] The Number of Deals The Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control has compiled a list of all the publicly known deals in which Iraq bought technology and equipment for its nuclear and missile programs before the Persian Gulf war in 1991. Some purchases were made from brokers rather than directly from the manufacturer. A deal can mean construction of an entire factory, or supplying the machine tools or training to operate it. The vast majority of these deals were approved by or made through the governments. West Germany 102 deals United States 25 deals Switzerland 22 deals Britain 20 deals Brazil 14 deals IRAQ'S PURCHASES IN THE A-BOMB SUPERMARKET Italy 13 deals Switzerland 8 percent Italy 5 percent France Brazil Britain Austria 9 deals France 6 deals Belgium Japan Saudi Arabia Chile 2 deals United States Argentina 2.5 percent Egypt Belgium Egypt Yugoslavia Argentina China 1 deal Greece Liechtenstein SHARE OF RESPONSIBILITY Breakdown of Iraq's purchases, weighted for importance to its nuclear and missile programs, as estimated by the Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control. One example: although France had only six transactions with the Iraqis, one was to build the Osirak nuclear reactor, which Israel destroyed by bombing in 1981. Soviet Union Japan Niger 1.5 percent Portugal Niger 1 deal Yugoslavia Poland 1 deal Portugal Soviet Union Spain Sweden Saudi Arabia Other 1.5 percent West Germany 50 percent [Source on all charts: Gary Milhollin and Diana L. Edensword, Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control.] A SAMPLING OF THE PURCHASES Types of technologies and equipment bought by Iraq from the five countries with the greatest share of responsibility WEST GERMANY Equipment to increase Scud range Scud launchers Nuclear weapons development Missile development Warhead develop ment Supergun SWITZER- Missile develop- Nuclear weapons Supergun ITALY Missile develop- Nuclear weapons Supergun FRANCE Missile develop- Nuclear weapons BRAZIL Scud improvement Missile development Nuclear weapons development BEEFING UP THE SCUD MISSILE: WHO HELPED The Soviet Union supplied Iraq with Seud missiles that had a range of 180 miles. They were used to bombard Israeil aces and a military base in Saudi Arabia where 28 American soldiers were killed after Saddam Hussen expanded the range to 380 miles. These companies and government agencies had zies AUSTRIA WEST GERMANY AVL Designed rocket test tunnel fr missile Anlagen Bau Contor Supplied laboratory complex equipment Consulteo Designed missile comples Alfred Fenneberg Managed construction of neers for missile complex missile fuel complex BRAZIL Aviatest Built wind tunnels, supplied engi SAUDI ARABIA | Saudi Pump Factory Helped supply test Leifeld Supplied cylindrical presses, rocket 1 stand for turbo pumps motor nozzles Tektronix Supplied measuring equipment (through West German firm MBB) to missile site Beaujean Developed and supplied BP, Carl Zeiss, Degussa; Tesa Supplied SOVIET UNION Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm (MBB) Soviet Government Supplied at least $19 Subcontractor for missile complex Seeds Wiltron Supplied network analyzers used to develop missile guidance Fritz Werner Subcontractor and supplier for missile complex Gildemeister Contractor for missile complex, blueprints, machine tools, furnaces, test stands, control facilities H & H Metalform Supplied rocketry equipmen, cylindrical presses, testing plant for missile complex Havert Industrie Supplied material, equipment, fast-refueling pressure units Heinrich Mueller Supplied precision lathes Inwako Intermediary for delivery of compoments to install gyroscopes MBB and Gildemeister Transferred American-made computers, electronic test equip ment MBB and Transtechnica Helped build radar tracking station, rocket test stand for missile complex Nickel Supplied climate control technology for fuel stores at missile fuel production site Saner Informatie Supplied computer plant for missile complex Schaeftelmaier Supplied electronic measurement and testing instruments for missile fuel production farmers, electrical systems to control missile Siemens Supplied switching devices, transfuel production, equipped radio room at missie complex Thyssen Contract for 305 turbopumps (supplied 35) Carl Zeiss Supplied computerized mapping equipment |
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