...continued spread of WMD technology to states with a history of aggression presents a "compelling ... case for taking anticipatory action to defend ourselves,...remains as to the time and place of the enemy's attack." 5 As Secretary of State Colin Powell explained the rationale in early 2004, the preemption doctrine...

...given the enormous costs of inaction in the face of such terrifying weapons, there is a "compelling case for taking anticipatory action to defend ourselves,...uncertainty remains as to the time and place of the enemy's attack.'"1 ! This formulation is very different from the criteria established by the Caroline case,...

...Angriffs fehlen. 1 14 In der NSS heißt es, daß die Vereinigten Staaten antizipatorisch handeln müssten, „even if uncertainty remains as to the time and place of the enemy's attack" (Hervorheb, d. Verf.); Einige tatsächliche Aspekte seien angefuhrt, um die Unsicherheit der Prognose...

...to pre-empt, but in a preventative fashion where the United States can 'counter sufficient threats' 'even if uncertainty remains as to the time and place of the enemy's attack' (2002 National Security Doctrine). But for the United States to ensure that it can pursue its interests,...

...highly controversial, however, as it broadens the meaning of preemption to encompass military action "even if uncertainty remains as to the time and place of the enemy's attack." Critics argue that this attempt to include preventive military action under the category of preemption...

...adapt the concept of imminent threat" for "pre-emptive" military actions could still be legitimate "even if uncertainty remains as to the time and place of the enemy's attack."18 So that this adaptation is not confused with the usual meaning of the term "preemptive,"...

...objectives of today's adversaries. ... The greater the threat, the greater is the risk of inaction - and the more compelling the case for taking anticipatory action to defend ourselves.... To forestall or prevent such hostile acts by our adversaries, the United states will, if necessary,...

...enemy The overlap between states that sponsor terror and those that pursue WMD compels us to action — The greater the threat, the greater is the risk of...enemy's attack. To forestall or prevent such hostile acts by our adversaries, the United States will, if necessary, act preemptively. 30 By the first week...

...covertly, and used without warning. . . . The greater the threat, the greater the risk of inaction - and the more compelling the case for taking anticipatory...enemy's attack. To forestall or prevent such hostile acts by our adversaries, the United States will, if necessary, act preemptively.3 The doctrine advanced...

...threat to our national security. The greater the threat, the greater is the risk of inaction — and the more compelling the case for taking anticipatory...enemy's attack. To forestall or prevent such hostile acts by our adversaries, the United States will, if necessary, act preemptively. QUESTIONS SUBMITTED...