...passed the Authorization for Use of Military Force Resolution in September 2001, allowing the president "to use all necessary and appropriate force against...nations, organizations, or persons he determines" had any role in planning, carrying out, or aiding the 9/1 1 attacks on the World Trade Center and the...

...example, in the aftermath of 11 September 2003, a joint resolution in Congress allowed the President to "use all necessary and appropriate force against those, nations, organizations, or persons" he deemed culpable, in order to stop future international terrorist acts. In October 2002 the President...

...permitted under legislation authorizing force against 'those nations, organizations, or persons who planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001'. 49 In early March 2003, the United States, Britain and Spain had drafted a Security Council resolution...

...international terrorists and terrorist organizations, including those nations, organizations, or persons who planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001. Sincerely, GEORGE W. BUSH 15 As Bonifaz commented in an interview, "The president was asserting in...

...Jim Lobe, "Sovereignty Takes Major Hits in Yemen, Mauritius," Inter Press Service, Novembers, 2002. authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001," after which President Bush signed an executive order authorizing lethal covert action against al Qaeda....

...Force to justify the surveillance. See Letter from Moschella. The AUMF authorizes the Administration to use "all necessary and appropriate force against those nations, organizations or persons [the President] determines planned, authorized, committed or aided" the attacks of September 11. According...

...international terrorists and terrorist organizations, including those nations, organizations, or persons who planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September n, 2001." 12 Later that year on NBC News' Meet the Press, Cheney said, "If we're successful in Iraq...

...appropriate force against those nations, organisations or persons he determines planned, authorised, committed or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, or harboured such organisations or persons, in order to prevent any future acts of international terrorism...

...Congress promptly passed an Authorization to Use Military Force (AUMF) granting the president authority to "use all necessary and appropriate force against...terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, or harbored such organizations or person, in order to prevent any future acts of international terrorism...

...military force in IN THE SHADOWS 221 Afghanistan. Specifically, the document allowed the president "to use all necessary and appropriate force against...terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons, in order to prevent any future acts of international terrorism...