...great divide. In the immediate aftermath of September 11, the US Congress authorized the President to 'use all necessary and appropriate force against...authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks ... or harbored such organizations or persons' (115 Stat. 224, September 18, 2001: Authorizations for...

...Congress, just a week after September n, was passage of a joint resolution authorizing the president to "use all necessary and appropriate force against...authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks" or "harbored such organizations or persons, in order to prevent any future acts of international terrorism...

...authorized the detention. The AUMF, passed by Congress on September 18, 2001, authorized the president "to use all necessary and appropriate force against...authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks" or "harbored such organizations or persons."107 According to the plurality, the detention of enemy...

...Military Force is passed by Congress and signed by President Bush. The resolution authorizes the president to use "all necessary and appropriate force against...authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks" or "harbored such organizations or persons, in order to prevent any future acts of international terrorism...

...found," however, that if such approval was required, it occurred when Congress authorized the president to "use all necessary and appropriate force against...authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks" of September 11, 2001, and against those who "harbored such organizations or persons." 12 Second, Hamdi...

...against the United States on September 11, 2001. On September 18, 2001, Congress authorized the president "[t]o use all necessary and appropriate force against...planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks."The authorization is known as the Authorization for Use of Military Force (AUMF). 104 Order...

...Immediately following the 9/1 1 terrorist attacks, Congress passed legislation to authorize President Bush to use "all necessary and appropriate force against...determines planned, authorized, committed, or aided" the attacks.26 At a minimum, the statute authorized military action against the Taliban regime and al Qaeda...

...in the Authorization for Use of Military Force, September 18, 2001, supported the President's use of "all necessary and appropriate force against those...planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist [September 11] attacks ... or harbored such organizations or persons." 1 Congress also emphasized that...

...open-ended authority under the War Powers Act to use force, not only against nations but against any "organizations, or persons he determines planned,...terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons, in order to prevent any future acts of international terrorism...

...for [then] recent attacks launched against the US" It further stated, "The President is authorized to use all necessary and appropriate force against...those nations, organizations, or persons he determines to have planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11,...