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" President is authorized to use all necessary and appropriate force against those nations, organizations, or persons he determines planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, or harbored such organizations... "
Losing Iraq: Inside the Postwar Reconstruction Fiasco - Page 15
by David L. Phillips - 2009 - 304 pages
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The George W. Bush Presidency: An Early Assessment

Fred I. Greenstein - 2003 - 338 pages
...unanimous Congress gave the president a blank check to retaliate against the terrorists, authorizing him "to use all necessary and appropriate force against...terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons."86 On issues ranging from missile defense to the payment...
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America Unbound: The Bush Revolution in Foreign Policy

Ivo H. Daalder, James M. Lindsay - 2003 - 286 pages
...latitude to retaliate against those responsible for the attacks. The resolution stated that he could "use all necessary and appropriate force against those...terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons."48 In effect, Congress declared war and left it up to the...
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Debating Cosmopolitics

Daniele Archibugi - 2003 - 324 pages
...Congressional resolution of September 15 made clear the latitude extended to Bush: the president is authorized to use all necessary and appropriate force against...committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on Sept. 11, 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons, in order to prevent any future acts of international...
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Oversight of the Department of Justice: Hearing Before the Committee on the ...

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary - 2003 - 306 pages
...combatants, "Congress has, in the wake of the September 1 1 terrorist attacks, authorized the President to 'use all necessary and appropriate force against...authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks' or 'harbored such organizations or persons.' . . . [C]apturing and detaining enemy combatants is an...
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Confirmation Hearing on Federal Appointments: Hearing Before the ..., Part 7

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary - 2003 - 664 pages
...stating: Congress has, in the wake of the September 1 1 terrorist attacks, authorized tbe President to 'use all necessary and appropriate force against...authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks' or 'harbored such organizatKHU or persons.' Authorization for Use of Military Force, Pnb. L. No. 107-40,...
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The Domestic Sources of American Foreign Policy: Insights and Evidence

Eugene R. Wittkopf, James M. McCormick - 2004 - 420 pages
...by overwhelming margins passed Senate Joint Resolution 23, which authorized the president to employ force "against those nations, organizations, or persons,...authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks." A month later Congress passed the USA Patriot Act, which granted even more discretion to the president...
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Applying the War Powers Resolution to the War on Terrorism: Hearing Before ...

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on the Constitution, Federalism, and Property Rights - 2003 - 120 pages
...the War Powers Resolution for any future use of military force? S J. Res. 23 authorizes the President "to use all necessary and appropriate force against...organizations, or persons he determines planned, authorized, 94 committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 1 1 , 2001 , or harbored such...
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Cato Handbook for Congress: Policy Recommendations for the 108th Congress

Cato Institute, Edward H. Crane, David Boaz - 2003 - 718 pages
...of Congress • after the attacks authorized the president "to use all necessary and appro- | piiate force against those nations, organizations, or persons...determines planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorists attacks that occurred • on September 1 1, 2001." Therefore, the focus of the war and our...
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America Embattled: September 11, Anti-Americanism, and the Global Order

Richard Crockatt - 2003 - 224 pages
...President is authoriz.ed to use all necessarv and appropriate force against those nations, organ izat ions, or persons he determines planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on Septemher 1 1, 2001, or harhored such organizations or persons, in order to prevent any future acts...
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Information War: American Propaganda, Free Speech and Opinion Control Since 9-11

Nancy Snow - 2003 - 180 pages
...simple and straightforward, but it had very far-reaching applications: "The President is authorized to use all necessary and appropriate force against those nations, organizations, or persons he determined planned, authorized, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001...
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