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" The civilian population and individual civilians shall enjoy general protection against the dangers arising from military operations. To give effect to this protection, the following rules shall be observed in all circumstances. 2. The civilian population... "
Endless Torment: The 1991 Uprising in Iraq and Its Aftermath - Стр. 34
авторы: Eric Goldstein, Middle East Watch (Organization) - 1992 - Страниц: 66
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International Conventions on Protection of Humanity and Environment

Günter Hoog, Angela Steinmetz - 1993 - Страниц: 660
...be used improperly. Part IV Civilian Population Article 13 Protection of the civilian population 1. The civilian population and individual civilians shall...against the dangers arising from military operations. To give effect to this protection, the following rules shall be observed in all circumstances. 2. The...
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Non-combatant Immunity as a Norma of International Humanitarian Law

Judith Gail Gardam - 1993 - Страниц: 218
...however, argues that the principle of non-combatant immunity can be implied from Article 7, which reads "[t]he civilian population and individual civilians...protection against the dangers arising from military operations".24 Kalshoven admits that the clause "does not spell out the principle of distinction in...
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Obligations Erga Omnes and International Crimes: A Theoretical Inquiry Into ...

André De Hoogh - 1996 - Страниц: 494
...protection of victims of non-international armed conflicts (Protocol II), 16 ILM 1977, pp. 1442-1449: "The civilian population and individual civilians...against the dangers arising from military operations." 251 Complemented by articles 48 to 79 Protocol I, and 13 to 18 Protocol II. To the extent that situations...
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Human Rights and Policing: Standards for Good Behaviour and a Strategy for ...

Ralph Crawshaw, Barry Devlin, Tom Williaimson - 1998 - Страниц: 316
...Protocol deal with protection of the civilian population, again establishing a general principle - "the civilian population and individual civilians...against the dangers arising from military operations". A proviso is added to the effect that civilians shall enjoy the protection afforded by Part IV unless...
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War Without Quarter: Colombia and International Humanitarian Law

Human Rights Watch (Organization) - 1998 - Страниц: 254
...all circumstances. It shall not be used improperly. Art 13. Protection of the civilian population 1. The civilian population and individual civilians shall...against the dangers arising from military operations. To give effect to this protection, the following rules shall be observed in all circumstances. 2. The...
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International Law Reports, Том 108

E. Lauterpacht, C. J. Greenwood, A. G. Oppenheimer - 1998 - Страниц: 766
...Paragraph 1 of that same article stipulates that this rule must be observed "in all circumstances" so that "the civilian population and individual civilians...against the dangers arising from military operations". Violations of the Additional Protocol II constitute violations of the laws or customs of war and, as...
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Crimes of War: What the Public Should Know

Roy Gutman, David Rieff, Kenneth Anderson - 1999 - Страниц: 412
...civilians, hospitals, and medical staff, and the 1977 Additional Protocols to the conventions state: "The civilian population and individual civilians...against the dangers arising from military operations." The absolute rule is that civilians must not be directly targeted for military attack. Furthermore,...
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Customary International Humanitarian Law

Jean-Marie Henckaerts, Louise Doswald-Beck - 2005 - Страниц: 4121
...Official Records, Vol. VI, CDDH/SR.42, 27 May 1977, p. 214. 419 2. Article 13(1) AP II provides that "the civilian population and individual civilians...dangers arising from military operations". Article 13 AP II was adopted by consensus.2 3. Article 24(2) of draft AP II submitted by the ICRC to the CDDH...
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Customary International Humanitarian Law

Jean-Marie Henckaerts, Carolin Alvermann, Comité international de la Croix-Rouge - 2005 - Страниц: 610
...does not explicitly require precautions against the effects of attacks, Article 13(1) stipulates that "the civilian population and individual civilians...against the dangers arising from military operations" and it would be difficult to afford such protection when military objectives are located within or...
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International Criminal Law: A Collection of International and European ...

Christine Van den Wijngaert, Guy Stessens, Liesbeth Janssens - 2005 - Страниц: 1563
...used improperly. PART IV - CIVILIAN POPULATION Article 13 - Protection of the civilian population 1. The civilian population and individual civilians shall...against the dangers arising from military operations. To give effect to this protection, the following rules shall be observed in all circumstances. 2. The...
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