...and/or communication links and diplomatic ties. Article 42 goes a step further and allows UN members to 'take such action by air, sea or land forces as may...necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security'. Proposals similar to Urquhart's figured in ideas put forward by senior UN officials...

...aggression has occurred and, if so, to take whatever measures it deems reasonable and effective (including "such action by air, sea or land forces as may be...necessary") to maintain or restore international peace and security.12 Turning from the current international law on just cause back towards reflective philosophical...

...RDSC 52, id. (1992). not content with non-forcible sanctions. A far-reaching leap forward was made in Article 42: Should the Security Council consider that...necessary to maintain or restore international peace or security. Such action may include demonstrations, blockade, and other operations by air, sea, or...

...Security Council, in cases of threats to peace or acts of aggression where lesser measures have failed, "may take such action by air, sea or land forces as...necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security." The Security Council resolutions on Korea were the first application of this collective...

...necessity rather than design. Although Article 42 of the UN Charter left open the possibility of taking 'action by air. sea. or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security'. the Founding Members' notion of creating a permanent standing UN army to serve as the...

...enforcement operations draw upon the authority of Article 42, which permits the Security Council to "take such action by air, sea, or land forces as may...necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security"; Article 25, under which member states "agree to accept and carry out the decisions of...

...can also authorize military measures. In particular, under Article 41, the Council has the power to "take such action by air, sea, or land forces as may...necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security" in case it should consider that nonforcible measures "would be inadequate or have proved...

...resolution was adopted under Chapter 7 of the UN Charter, which provides that the Security Council can "take such action by air, sea, or land forces" as may be necessary to fulfill the Council's objectives. 6 Resolution 661 was strengthened by Security Council Resolution...

...Scheme for Military Measures option was contained in article 42, which permits the Security Council "to take such action by air, sea, or land forces as may be necessary to restore international peace and security." Further, the article provides that "such actions may include...

...involving the use of armed force under Article 41 would be inadequate or have proved to be inadequate, to take such action by air, sea or land forces as may be adequate to maintain or restore international peace and security or to authorize such action. The words...