 | Natalino Ronzitti - 1988 - Страниц: 920
...bombardment is legitimate only when directed at a military objective'. Furthermore, the prohibition of 'acts or threats of violence the primary purpose of...is to spread terror among the civilian population' included in Article 51, para. 2 of Protocol l recalls the formulation of Article 22 of the Hague Rules.... | |
 | Yôrām Dinšṭein, Mala Tabory - 1989 - Страниц: 1108
...27 But is it? The Protocol actually seeks to circumscribe insurgent tactics. Article 51(2) prohibits '[a]cts or threats of violence the primary purpose...is to spread terror among the civilian population.' 28 Furthermore, Protocol I imposes sanctions on 23. Protocol I to the Geneva Convention, UN Doc. A/32/144,... | |
 | Yôrām Dinšṭein, Mala Tabory - 1989 - Страниц: 1108
...legitimacy.'27 But is it? The Protocol actually seeks to circumscribe insurgent tactics. Article 51(2) prohibits '[a]cts or threats of violence the primary purpose of which is to spread terror among the civilian population.'28 Furthermore, Protocol I imposes sanctions on 23. Protocol I to the Geneva Convention,... | |
 | Yoram Dinstein, Mala Tabory - 1990 - Страниц: 418
...prohibitions in Protocol I require particular mention in this context: — Article 51(2) prohibits "acts or threats of violence the primary purpose of...is to spread terror among the civilian population"; — Article 51(4) prohibits indiscriminate attacks, which it defines as including attacks "which employ... | |
 | James Goldston - 1990 - Страниц: 42
...shall direct their operations only against military objectives." Article 5 1 (2) further provides, "The civilian population as such, as well as individual civilians, shall not be the object of attack." ' See M Bothe, KJ. Partsch, WA Solf, ¿Yen- Rules tor Victims of Armed Conllicts (1982) at 293 ("die... | |
 | Mohammed Bedjaoui - 1991 - Страниц: 1339
...individually and as a group, from being "the object of attack", and clearly restores the prohibition on "acts or threats of violence the primary purpose of...is to spread terror among the civilian population". Indiscriminate attacks, defined in some detail, as acts "not directed at a specific military target",... | |
 | 1991 - Страниц: 428
...possible. Firing missiles with the purpose of harming civilians flatly violates the customary-law rule that "[t]he civilian population as such, as well as individual civilians, shall not be the object of attack" (Article 51(2) of Protocol I). Given the apparent targeting of residential areas, Iraq also appeared... | |
 | James Goldston - 1991 - Страниц: 172
...Telegraph, March 26, 1990. 203 Article 13 of Protocol II provides, "Acts or threats of violence die primary purpose of which is to spread terror among the civilian population are prohibited." 204 The precise number of Kashmiri Hindus who fled the valley during this time is not known. Estimates... | |
 | Rachel Denber, Robert K. Goldman - 1992 - Страниц: 94
...operations. To give effect to this protection, the following rules shall be observed in all circumstances. 2. The civilian population as such, as well as individual...terror among the civilian population, are prohibited. 3. Civilians shall enjoy the protection afforded by this Part, unless and for such time as they take... | |
 | E. Lauterpacht, C. J. Greenwood - 1992 - Страниц: 834
...A/32/144 reprinted by the International Red Cross (Geneva 1977)). Its specific protections include that "the civilian population as such, as well as individual...terror among the civilian population are prohibited." Part IV, Art. 13, U2. Documents detailing minimum standards of human rights other than in times of... | |
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The civilian population as such, as well as individual civilians, shall not be the object of attack. Acts or threats of violence the primary purpose of which is to spread terror among the civilian population are prohibited. 
