 | Helsinki Watch (Organization : U.S.), Ivana Nizich - 1992 - Страниц: 178
...(Hereinafter referred to as New Rides.) Article 51(2) reaffirms this mandatory distinction by providing: "The civilian population as such, as well as individual...terror among the civilian population are prohibited." This general immunity does not prohibit attacks which may cause civilian casualties. For example, civilians... | |
 | Günter Hoog, Angela Steinmetz - 1993 - Страниц: 660
...operations. To give effect to this protection, the following rules shall be observed in all circumstances. 2. The civilian population as such, as well as individual...terror among the civilian population are prohibited. 3. Civilians shall enjoy the protection afforded by this Part, unless and for such time as they take... | |
 | Erika Dailey - 1993 - Страниц: 82
...provided for in Article 13 (2) of Protocol II additional to the Geneva Conventions, which mandates that "the civilian population as such, as well as individual...terror among the civilian population are prohibited." In violation of international law, both Moldovan and DMR forces failed to insure the safety of the... | |
 | Judith Gail Gardam - 1993 - Страниц: 218
...additional to other applicable rules of international law, shall be observed in all circumstances. 2. The civilian population as such, as well as individual...terror among the civilian population are prohibited. 3. Civilians shall enjoy the protection afforded by this Section, unless and for such time as they... | |
 | Helsinki Watch (Organization : U.S.), Ivana Nizich - 1992 - Страниц: 454
...protection against dangers arising from military operations." (Art. 51 [1]) • The requirement that "the civilian population as such, as well as individual civilians, shall not be the object of attack." (Art. 51 [2]) • The requirement that "indiscriminate attacks are prohibited. Indiscriminate attacks... | |
 | Ronald St. John MacDonald - 1994 - Страниц: 978
...the civilian population does not constitute a permissible object of attack and proceeds to prohibit "acts or threats of violence the primary purpose of...to spread terror among the civilian population."' Indiscriminate attacks are prohibited and indiscriminate attacks are defined as embracing: a. those... | |
 | Najeeb M. Al-Nauimi, Richard Meese - 1995 - Страниц: 1374
...physical attack. This is the subject of Article 1 3(2) of Additional Protocol II which provides that: "The civilian population as such, as well as individual...among the civilian population are prohibited." Article 51(2) of Additional Protocol I includes identical wording. The human rights law principles which support... | |
 | Deborah Eade, Suzanne Williams - 1995 - Страниц: 564
...come within the definition of civilians does not deprive the population of its civilian character. • The civilian population as such, as well as individual...terror among the civilian population are prohibited. (50) • Indiscriminate attacks are prohibited. Indiscriminate attacks are: those which are not directed... | |
 | Dieter Fleck, Michael Bothe - 1999 - Страниц: 630
...Article 51, para. 2, 2nd sentence AP I contains a rule drawn up specifically for military operations: 'Acts or threats of violence the primary purpose of...terror among the civilian population are prohibited.' This prohibits the use of terrorism as a weapon aimed deliberately against the civilian population.... | |
 | Yoram Dinstein, Mala Tabory - 1995 - Страниц: 374
...interpretation of this provision.44 Finally, Article 51 paragraph 2 prohibits any terror attacks:45 "Acts or threats of violence the primary purpose of which is to spread terror among the 42 M. Bothe, KJ Partsch & W. Self, New Rules for Victims of Armed Conflicts 296 ff. (1982); International... | |
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The civilian population as such, as well as individual civilians, shall not be the object of attack. Acts or threats of violence the primary purpose of which is to spread terror among the civilian population are prohibited. 
