...forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression" in Southeast Asia. These steps included "the use of armed force, to assist any member or protocol state" of SEATO "in defense of its freedom."20 The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, in sum, gave Johnson the leeway...

...almost unanimously — 88 to 2 in the Senate, 4i6 to o in the House — authorizing President Johnson to "take all necessary steps, including the use of armed force" to assist the South Vietnamese. By the end of i965, more than i85,000 American troops would be in Vietnam. Three...

...the Constitution and the Charter of the United Nations and in accordance with its obligations onder the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, the...Treaty requesting assistance in defense of its freedom. THAT this resolution shall expire when the President shall determine that the peace and security of...

...Constitution of the United States and the Charter of the United Nations and in accordance with its obligations under the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty,...state of the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty requiring assistance in defense of its freedom.9 SEC. 3. This resolution shall expire when the President...

...he had perceived as desirable for a long time" — a congressional resolution that would empower him to "take all necessary steps, including the use of...Defense Treaty requesting assistance in defense of its freedom."34 In fact, Johnson acted precipitously because the ship's captain had raised doubts by 2...

...and to prevent further aggression'. It went on to state that the US government was prepared to use armed force 'to assist any member or protocol state...requesting assistance in defense of its freedom'. In effect, that meant South Vietnam.1 The resolution paved the way for massive US intervention in the...

...United States and to prevent further aggression." Finally, the resolution authorized the president "to take all necessary steps, including the use of armed force, to protect any [SEATO] member or protocol state . . . requesting assistance in defense of its freedom."...

...declared. He then persuaded the US Congress to pass the Tonkin Resolution'. This gave him the power to 'take all necessary steps, including the use of armed force' to defend South Vietnam. In the November 1964 presidential elections, Johnson said he would not let south-east...

...repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression. ... [T]he United States is, therefore, prepared, as the...Treaty requesting assistance in defense of its freedom. — From the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, August 1 964 Cold Facts Only two members of Congress — both...

...against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression. . . . The United States is ... prepared, as the President determines, to take all...Treaty requesting assistance in defense of its freedom" [emphasis added]. There was some unease expressed regarding the unusually vague and open-ended scope...